超级稻育种的理论与实践  

Theories and Practices of Breeding Super Rice in China

作　　者：费震江[1] 董华林[1] 武晓智[1] 周鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2014年第23期5633-5637,共5页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"973"计划"分子设计和多基因组装育种"项目(2013CBA01405);国家"863"计划"绿色超级稻新品种选育"项目(2014AA10A604);湖北省农业科技创新中心资助项目(2007-620-001-003)

摘　　要：回顾了国内外超级稻育种的历史,介绍了中国超级稻育种的理论与实践。水稻产量的高低是由其"库"、"源"、"流"决定的,以大幅提高单产为主要目标的中国超级稻育种采取"理想株型塑造与亚种间杂种优势利用相结合"的技术路线,将形态改良与生理机能改进、增加生物产量与优化产量结构相结合,以达到"库"大、"源"足、"流"畅的目的。中国超级稻育种取得了巨大成就,据不完全统计,2005-2014年被农业部确认的超级稻示范推广品种达到135个。提出了将超级稻育种研究引向基因层面应作为今后研究工作重点的观点。The history of breeding super rice at home and abroad was reviewed. Theories and practices of breeding super rice in China were introduced. Rice yield is decided by the sink, source and current. The main aim of super rice breeding in China is to improve the yield per unit area. The technical route of ‘construcion of ideal plant type combining with intersubspecific heterosis utilization＇ is taken to improve the morphology and physiological function combining with increasing biomass yield and optimizing yield structure to form the big sink, sufficient source and smooth current. Breeding super rice has made great achievements in China. Based on incomplete statistics, there were 135 super rice varieties certificated by the Ministry of Agricuture and applicated in production. The future of breeding super rice should focus on the efficient use of genes at molecular level to increase potential of rice yield.

关 键 词：超级稻 育种 理论 实践 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S334