水泥尘肺病例特点分析  

Analysis on the characteristics of cement pneumoconiosis cases

作　　者：毛丽君[1] 史志澄[1] 李树强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院职业病科,北京100191

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2014年第6期670-673,共4页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-9)

摘　　要：目的分析水泥尘肺的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2011—2013年在北京大学第三医院进行职业病诊断的197例接触水泥粉尘的病例资料特征,对病例的性别、诊断年龄、工龄和脱离粉尘接触时间、X射线胸片表现和肺功能改变等进行分析。结果 197例病例中,诊断为观察对象和水泥尘肺壹期的病例分别有65例和129例;观察对象的X射线胸片p和s形小阴影分别占84.6%和15.4%,水泥尘肺壹期病例的X射线胸片p、q和s小阴影分别占86.8%、7.8%和5.4%;观察对象和水泥尘肺壹期肺功能异常率分别为38.5%和48.1%。水泥尘肺壹期的女性病例诊断年龄比男性病例大(P<0.05),小阴影分布的肺区数比男性病例少(P<0.05)。水泥尘肺壹期病例肺功能异常率随年龄增加而升高(P<0.05)。结论水泥尘肺发病缓慢,女性发病年龄比男性晚,胸片改变相对较轻。Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of cement pneumoconiosis. Methods One hundred and ninty-seven cases＇ materials were analyzed retrospectively who had exposed to cement dust particles and diagnosed at Peking University Third Hospital in 2011-2013. The chest radiography images and respiratory functions were analyzed, as well as the gender, the onset age, the length of service and incubation time. Results The cases diagnosed as observed object and the first phase of pueumoeoniosis accounted for 65 and 129 cases, respectively. The imaging analysis showed the small opacities as ＂p＂ and ＂s＂ in observation objects accounted for 84.6% and 15.4% respectively, and the small opacities as ＂p＂, ＂q＂ and ＂s＂ in the first phase pneumoconiosis patients accounted for 86.8% , 7.8% and 5.4% respectively. The abnormal occurrence rates of lung function of observation objects and the first phase pneumocouiosis patients were 38. 5% and 48.1% respectively. Among the first phase pneumoconiosis patients, the onset ages of felnales were older than those of males but the lung area distribution of small opacities was less （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and the abnormal occurrence rate increased with age gradually （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Cement pneumoconiosis has slow progress in its onset. The female patients had a relative later onset and their radiograph changes were not as severe as those of males. Conclusion The incidence of cement pneumoconiosis is still high. The length of service is longer in the cement dust particle caused pneumoconiosis and the respiratory function declined earlier than the radiographic appearances changed. The female patients had a relative later onset and their radiograph changes were not so severe as those of males.

关 键 词：水泥尘肺 小阴影 肺功能 诊断 临床特点 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]