梅山文化区域民间信仰的社会学分类与思考  

The Sociological Classification and Reflections on Folk Beliefs in Meishan Cultural District

作　　者：陈彬[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学公共管理学院社会学系,湖南长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学统战部党外人物工作研究(湖南)基地,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2014年第11期106-115,共10页Journal of Yibin University

基　　金：2009年度国家社会科学基金青年项目(09CZJ011)

摘　　要：星火村至今仍存在着如"庆菩萨"仪式、树神崇拜、"寄子石"现象、"打箭碑"、丧礼中的唱挽歌与做道场习俗、祭祖风俗等民间信仰现象。这些现象若借用韦伯的"理念型"方法可梳理并归纳成风俗习惯型、集体压力型、个体自愿型三种类型,这些理念型方法都是对现实的信仰实践所作的一种抽象提炼,活态的信仰实践与这里界定的"理念型"存在一定的差距,并且各种"理念型"之间的差异也被不同程度地凸显出来。这种社会学类型的划分可以告诉我们,虽然都可以被称作"民间信仰"的文化事实,但它们实际上具备不同的信仰特征,具有各异的信仰结构,并包含不同的社会学意涵,因而我们的研究必须要仔细区分,谨慎分析,慎下结论。In Xinghuo village,some folk customs such as ＂bodhisattva＂ceremony,the worship to tree god,the phenomenon of ＂child adopted by stone＂,＂setting up the arrows tablet＂,singing dirges and practicing Buddhist service in funerals,and ancestor worship customs are still rife. These folk beliefs can be combed and summarized into three kinds of ideological types borrowed from Max Weber： by customs and habits,by collective pressure,by individual accord. This sociological classification,being an abstraction from folk belief activites,is not directly equivalent to the activities themselves. And this classification also highlights the differences between various ideological types. Although many cultural facts can be referred to as ＂folk belief ＂,they actually have different characteristics,different belief structure,and contain different sociological meanings. Therefore,it is necessary to carefully distinguish between them and do cautious analysis before coming to conclusions.

关 键 词：梅山文化 民间信仰 风俗习惯型 集体压力型 个体自愿型 

分 类 号：D676.456.9[政治法律—政治学]