大分舌蜂主要生物学特性研究  

The study on bionomics character of Colletes gigas(Hymenoptera,Colletidae)

作　　者：黄敦元[1,2] 谷平[1] 苏田娟[1] 余江帆 何波[1] 牛泽清[2] 朱朝东[2] 

机构地区：[1]江西环境工程职业学院,江西赣州341000 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,动物进化与系统学(院)重点实验室,北京1001013 [3]江西省林业科技培训中心,南昌330038

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2015年第1期133-138,共6页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：江西省教育厅2014年自然科学研究项目(14805);中央财政林业科技推广项目[JXTG(2012)11]

摘　　要：大分舌蜂Colleles gigas Cockerell是江西、湖南、广东等地油茶Camellia oleifera Abel花期主要传粉昆虫之一,广泛分布于我国南方油茶林区及周边林区。2011-2014年在江西新余等中国南方地区对该蜂的形态特征、生活史、行为等生物学特性进行了观察研究。结果表明:该蜂在我国南方地区1年1代。成虫11月中旬开始出巢活动,雄蜂早于雌蜂5 d左右出现,完成交尾后数日死亡,雄蜂寿命25 d左右,雌蜂约45 d,卵期约9 d。幼虫期35 d左右,幼虫将花粉球消耗完后变成老熟幼虫并进入滞育期,滞育期约230 d。翌年10月中旬开始化蛹,蛹期约35 d。出土后的雌蜂当天就可以交配,交配后的雌蜂在羽化地点附近选址筑巢,采集油茶的花粉和花蜜于虫室中预先做好的玻璃纸状包膜中并制成糊状蜂粮,每个包膜中的蜂粮上产卵1粒,偶有2粒。Colletes gigas is one of the major pollinators for Camellia oleifera Abel in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong Province and other areas of southern China. Observations and studies on morphology, life history, behaviors and other biological features of C. gigas were carried out in Xinyu city, Jiangxi Province and other areas of Southern China from 2011 to 2014. The results showed that C. gigas has one generation each year. The adults begin to emerge from nests in the mid November. Males emerge 5 days earlier than females and die after copulation. The life - span of a male is about 25 days and a female is about 45 days. The oviposition period of a female is about 9 days and the larval period is about 35 days. When bee bread is exhausted, the larva enters mature larvae stage which is about 230 days called diapause. The mature larva will pupate in mid October of the next year and its pupal period is about 35 days. The newly- emerged female would copulate with a male on the same day. After copulation, the female will nest near its eclosion site and collect the pollen and nectar of C. oleifera into a premade cellophane - like egg - chamber. These collections will be made into paste - like bee bread and then one or occasionally two eggs will be laid on bee bread in each egg -chamber.

关 键 词：大分舌蜂 野生蜜蜂 生物学特性 行为 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学] S431.16[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]