雷达故障和标校错误导致的异常回波分析  

Unusual Echoes Generated by Radar Hardware Faults and Calibration Errors

作　　者：赵瑞金[1,2] 张进 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]河北省气象信息中心,石家庄050021

出　　处：《气象科技》2014年第6期957-963,968,共8页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题"硬件故障导致的雷达数据错误及质控方法研究"(2013LASW-B07);河北省气象局科研课题"突发事件现场探测资料省级集成处理平台"(12ky13)共同资助

摘　　要：利用CINRAD/SA雷达与探空实况资料对2013年4月3日和7月3日石家庄雷达的异常回波进行了分析,发现由于雷达伺服系统故障,扫描线方位角出现错位,形成了2013年4月3日的"丝状"回波;2013年7月3日的异常回波中包含云的回波和超折射回波,出现1.5°回波面积大于0.5°的原因是由于维修人员在4月6日利用太阳法进行雷达波束指向标校时没有准确校时,使用了错误的计算结果对雷达系统进行标校所致。给出了利用太阳法标校雷达方位角和仰角的相关参数的算法,并对故障现象进行了模拟。指出雷达硬件故障和系统标校错误导致的异常回波直接影响预报员对天气系统发生、发展的分析和判断,提出了"丝状"回波的数据质量控制方法,建议为雷达站配备高精度的授时设备。为超折射回波的识别及雷达运行保障提供经验和科学依据。Unusual echoes on 3 April and 3 July, 2013 are studied by CINRAD/SA and radiosonde data. The results indicate that radar servo system faults resulted in the dislocation of scan line azimuth, which led to the silk-shaped echoes on 3 April 2013. The unusual echoes on 3 July contain cloud and superrefraction radar echoes. The reason why the area of 1.5% was greater than 0.5% is that the engineer did not adiust time appropriately, and the radar system was adjusted by using wrong calculation data while calibrating radar beam-pointing on April 6. The formula and algorithm of parameters for the calibration of radar azimuth and elevation by the solar method are given, and the fault phenomenon is imitated. It is pointed out that the error data generated by radar hardware faults and calibration errors have influence on forecasters in analyzing weather correctly. The data quality control method for silk-shaped echoes is introduced. It is suggested that a high-precision time service system should be equipped at radar sites, which can provide experiences and scientific evidences for super-refraction echo identification and radar routine maintenance.

关 键 词：雷达故障 标校错误 超折射 异常回波 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]