秋冬季远距离台风海南岛暴雨特征及概念模型  

Characteristics and conceptual model of long-range typhoon rainstorm during autumn and winter season in Hainan Island

作　　者：郑艳[1] 符式红[1] 赵付竹[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省气象台,海口570203

出　　处：《气象研究与应用》2014年第4期11-15,共5页Journal of Meteorological Research and Application

基　　金：中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2014-055)

摘　　要：通过对1960-2013年在越南登陆或登陆前停编后海南岛出现暴雨的秋冬季台风历史个例的分析,结果表明:秋冬季台风中有47%是南海台风,台风登陆越南或在登陆前停编时的纬度介于11.3°N-20.6°N之间,其中15.0°N-15.9°N最多(23.5%),而19.0°N-19.9°N没有满足条件的台风;秋冬季暴雨出现的主要时段为9月下旬-10月下旬,其中10月中旬暴雨日最多(23.8%);秋冬季暴雨落区集中在海南岛东部、中部和北部内陆地区,琼中县最多(12.7%),西部沿海地区明显偏少;秋冬季暴雨的主要影响系统是热带低值系统(台风或低压环流)、东路或西路冷空气;低空急流和暴雨落区密切相关,暴雨区一般位于低空急流左前侧和切变线南侧;海南岛东北部暴雨偏东风低空急流位于两广南部;东中部暴雨偏东风低空急流位于两广南部至海南岛北部;西南部暴雨东南东风低空急流位于海南岛北部,同时南海存在西南风低空急流;西北部暴雨两广南部有东北东风低空急流;全岛性暴雨两广南部至南海中部为广阔的偏东风低空急流区。Based on the analysis of heavy rain historical examples in Hainan during fall and winter from1960 to 2013,which caused by typhoon landing Vietnam,the results show that the 47%of typhoons appearing during fall and winter are the south China sea typhoon,the latitude of the typhoon landing in Vietnam or stop before landing is between 11.3°N- 20.6° N,the range between15.0° N and 15.9° N is more（23.5%）,while there is no typhoon appearing the region between 19.0°N and 19.9°N;the main period of autumn and winter storms appearance is between late September-late October,in which the largest heavy rain day is in mid-October（23.8%）;autumn and winter rain fall area concentrated in the eastern,central and northern of Hainan island,the most（12.7%）is in Qiongzhong county,that in the western coastal areas is significantly less;The major effect systems of the storm in fall and winter are tropical low system（typhoon or low pressure circulation）,east or west cold air;Low level jet and the heavy rain falling area have closely relationship,heavy rain area is generally distributed in the left side of the low level jet and south side of shear line;eastern the low level jet of heavy rain in Northeast of Hainan is located in the south of Guangdong and Guangxi;eastern the low level jet of heavy rain in east midland is located in the south of Guangdong and Guangxi and in north of Hainan;southeast the low level jet of heavy rain in southwest is located in the north of Hainan island;at the same time,there is southwest low level jet in the south China sea;the northeast east wind low level jet of heavy rain in northwest is located in the south of Guangdong and Guangxi;while the heavy rain falling in the whole island,which is east towards low-level jet area in south of Guangdong and Guangxi and the central of south China sea.

关 键 词：秋冬季暴雨 远距离台风 概念模型 

分 类 号：P458.121[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]