新疆早熟陆地棉早熟性状的遗传分析  

Inheritance of Earliness Traits in Xinjiang Early-maturity Upland Cotton(G.hirsutum L.)

作　　者：董承光[1] 王娟[1] 周小凤[1] 马晓梅[1] 李生秀[1] 王旭文[1] 肖光顺[1] 李保成[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所/农业部西北内陆区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第12期96-101,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：兵团青年科技创新资金专项(2013CB024);国家自然科学基金(31260340);兵团科技攻关计划(2011BA001)

摘　　要：选用2个新疆早熟棉区主栽陆地棉品种与陆地棉遗传标准系配置组合,应用主基因-多基因联合世代分析方法对新疆早熟棉早熟性状进行遗传分析。结果表明,5个早熟性状中除在组合Ⅰ的苗期性状无检测到主基因的存在,其他性状均检测到主基因的存在;其中生育期性状在不同组合中的遗传模型相同,且主基因与多基因遗传率分量趋势较为一致;由2个组合各性状的总遗传率比较得出,生育期性状的总遗传率最高;从主基因遗传率和多基因遗传率的分量来看,蕾期及生育期性状以多基因遗传为主,苗期、花铃期及果枝始节位在组合Ⅰ中以多基因遗传为主,在组合Ⅱ中则以主基因遗传为主。针对各性状的遗传模式提出具体的育种策略,为新疆早熟棉的遗传改良提供理论指导。In this paper,major-polygene jointing generations analyses were used to investigate the earliness and its related traits of upland cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.）in Xinjiang,by making crosses between main cultivars in early-maturing cotton area and genetic standard line.The results showed that the major genes controlling five early-maturing traits were always detected in two crosses except for the seedling period in crossⅠ.In two crosses,optimum genetic models of growth period were identical,and the tendencies of their major gene heritability proportion were also consistent as well as that of polygene.By the comparison of total heritability of earliness-associated traits in two crosses,growth period was the highest.According to analysis of the gene heritability proportion,growth period and bud period were all mainly controlled by polygene;seedling period,flower and boll period and fruit branch beginning site were mainly controlled by polygene in cross Ⅰ.On the contrary,these traits were mainly controlled by major gene in crossⅡ.To improve breeding efficiency,single cross recombination or simple backcross should be adopted for the traits mainly controlled by major gene,while polymerization backcross or recurrent selection to cumulate positive alleles should be adopted forthe traits mainly controlled by polygene.The conclusion provides theoretical guidance for cotton genetic improvement in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：棉花 早熟性状 主基因-多基因 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]