中国野生兰科植物物种多样性与地理分布  

Species diversity and geographic distribution of wild Orchidaceae in China

作　　者：张殷波[1] 杜昊东 金效华[2] 马克平[3] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境与资源学院,太原030006 [2]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学重点实验室和标本馆,北京100093 [3]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《科学通报》2015年第2期179-188,1-16,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31100392)资助

摘　　要：中国是世界上兰科植物最为丰富的国家之一,且全科植物均在《国家重点保护野生植物名录》和《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的保护之列.本研究在确立中国野生兰科植物物种名录和建立物种地理分布数据库的基础上,对其进行物种多样性及其地理分布特征的研究.据统计,中国野生兰科植物共计187属1447种,包括特有种601种,生活型以地生兰和附生兰为主.中国野生兰科植物集中分布在我国的西南地区和台湾,尤以喜马拉雅山脉东段、横断山脉地区、西双版纳地区,滇东-桂西山地、台湾东部山地、海南岛南部、黔桂交界山区、鄂西渝东山地、秦岭伏牛山一带最为丰富,同时兰科植物在这些地区的区系分化率也非常高.相对地,特有兰科植物的分布呈现出与所有兰科植物完全不同的地理格局,特别是靠近西南国界的地区差异最为显著,分析得到兰科特有比例较高的地区在全国范围内呈现出离散的分布格局,且许多物种丰富度较低的区域特有种的比例却非常高.最后,采用筛除算法鉴别得到中国野生兰科植物分布的18个热点县,这些热点地区共代表了75%的兰科植物,并且绝大多数与全球生物多样性热点地区重叠.本研究旨在为我国野生兰科植物的优先保护提供重要依据.China has the richest Orchidaceae species diversity in the world, and all orchid species are protected by the ＂National Key Protected Wild Plants List＂ and the ＂Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora （CITES）＂. To understand and protect orchids in China, we analyzed their species diversity and geographic distribution based on a species list and geographical distribution database. There are 187 genera and 1447 species of orchids, including 601 endemics in China, and life forms are predominantly edaphic and epiphytic types. Orchids are concentrated in the southwest and Taiwan regions of China and are especially abundant in the eastern Himalayas, the Hengduan mountains, Xishuangbanna, eastern Yunnan and western Guangxi, eastern Taiwan, southern Hainan, along the border of Guizhou and Guangxi, western Hubei and eastern Chongqing, and on Funiu mountain in the Qinling area. Those regions also have a high rate of flora differentiation. Relatively, the geographical distribution pattern of endemic orchids is completely different from the overall pattern for orchids in China, particularly in the regions nearest to the southwest border. Regions with a higher percentage of endemic orchids are scattered across the country, and many areas of lower richness have greater endemicity. Finally, we identified 18 hotspots for orchids using a complementary algorithm, those areas represent 75% of all orchids in China and generally overlap with global biodiversity hotspots. This study provides an important foundation for prioritizing protection measures for wild orchids in China.

关 键 词：兰科植物名录 地理分布格局 热点地区 特有 生物多样性保护 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]