噪音环境下花臭蛙求偶鸣声特征分析  

Analyzing the Characteristics of Courtship Calls of Odorrana schmackeri in Noisy Environment

作　　者：张方[1] 陈烛青 赵娟[1] 陈潘[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,芜湖241000 [2]安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院,芜湖241000

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2015年第1期52-58,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31272326);安徽省教育厅重点项目(No.KJ2012A142)

摘　　要：2012年7月份,在黄山浮溪地区利用超声录音设备录制并分析了繁殖季节雄性花臭蛙（Odorrana schmackeri）个体的求偶鸣声。观察发现花臭蛙繁殖活动主要集中在7月中旬,繁殖高峰期活动无昼夜规律,全天均可见求偶鸣叫及抱对产卵等行为,并且多在浅水滩处活动。花臭蛙鸣声根据音节数和声谱特征可分为4种类型：即单音节音、婴儿音、双音节音和多音节断奏音,其中,单音节音、双音节音和婴儿音较为常见。利用Selena软件给出4种声音的语图以及各自对应的能谱图,利用Sound Analysis pro v1.2对单音节音、双音节音和婴儿音的鸣声特征参数进行定量分析,分析的声音参数包括鸣叫持续时间、音节数、音节持续时间、音节间隔、主频、脉冲率等。结果表明,花臭蛙鸣声的主频范围为1.8-4.5 k Hz（n=65）。鸣声不包括超声组分,主频峰值（3.1±0.7）k Hz,与前人电生理实验所得花臭蛙听觉敏感峰值一致,说明花臭蛙主要在这一频段进行通讯。对3种常见鸣叫音声音参数的单因素方差分析结果表明,双音节音与单音节音和婴儿音在声音持续时间上存在显著性差异（P〈0.01）,双音节音和单音节音在第二谐波声强上也具有显著性差异（P=0.01）。花臭蛙的双音节音在3种常见鸣叫音中具有最长的持续时间,为（99.5±8.4）ms,故推测,双音节音为花臭蛙繁殖期主要求偶鸣声,并通过其鸣声时长的变化来体现自身品质的好坏。We collected the courtship calls from male Odorrana schmackeri at Fuxi, Mount Huangshan using ultrasonic recording devices in July 2012 and analyzed the characteristics of these sounds in our laboratory later. From our observation, we discovered that breeding activities of O. schmackeri mainly peaked around mid-July when courtship calls, spawning, and other mating activities occurred throughout the day and night, mostly near shallow waters. O. schmackeri calls can be categorized （by note number and sound spectrum）into four different vocal types： single-note, ＇infant＇-note, double-note, and multi-note staccato. Among these four vocal types, single-note, double-note, and ＇infant＇-note are most common. Using the SELENA software, we generated the spectrograms and the corresponding power spectrums for each of the 4 vocal types. Using Sound Analysis pro vl.2, we performed quantitative analysis on the sound characteristic parameters of three vocal types： single-note, double-note, and ＇infant＇-note. Sound parameters we analyzed include： call duration （ms）, note number, note duration （ms）, note interval （ms）, dominant frequency （Hz）, pulse rate （l/s）, etc. Our results showed that the range of dominant frequency of O. sehmackeri was from 1.8 to 4.5 kHz （n = 65）. Excluding the ultrasonic range, the auditory sensitivity peak value was （3.1 ±0.7 kHz） which is consistent with the results of prior electrophysiological experiments. Such consistency indicates that O. schmackeri mainly communicates in this frequency band. The univariate ANOVA analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the call duration between double-note, single-note and ＇infant＇-note （P 〈 0.01）. Results also showed significant differences in the intensity of the 2nd harmonic sound between double-note and single-note （P = 0.01）. Between the three common vocal types, the double-note had the longest call duration （99.5±8.4 ms）. Therefore, we speculated that this type of call mig

关 键 词：花臭蛙 声特征 环境噪音 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]