达氏鲟精子的主要生物学特性  

Biological Characteristics of Acipenser dabryanus Sperm

作　　者：陈春娜[1,2] 黄颖颖 陈先均[1] 龙治海[1] 杜军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院水产研究所,宜宾644000 [2]四川省生物资源保护与可持续利用实验室,成都611731

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2015年第1期75-87,共13页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：四川省财政基因工程青年基金项目(No.2012QNJJ-016)

摘　　要：达氏鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)属淡水定居性鲟鱼类,为我国特有种,主要分布在长江上游干流及金沙江下游。长期人为过度捕捞及其生存环境的持续污染和水利工程的影响,使得达氏鲟自然种群资源遭到严重破坏,其配子质量的下降己经成为限制其规模化人工繁殖成功的关键因素之一,因此为解决达氏鲟规模化人工繁殖过程中存在的关键性技术点,作者从达氏鲟精液基本特征、精浆元素组成以及不同水体和Na+、K+对达氏鲟精子活力的影响、精子超微结构方面入手,对达氏鲟精子的生理生态特性进行了研究。结果显示,达氏鲟精子平均密度为1.52×109个/ml;精浆元素以Na+含量最高,其次是K+,之后为Ca2+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+,其中Na+、K+、Zn2+在达氏鲟精浆中的含量有极显著性差异(P<0.01),Ca2+、Cu2+、Mg2+差异不明显;精子在江水中的活力最高;在Na+浓度为20 mmol/L时,精子活力最高,精子快速运动时间(FT)和寿命(LT)分别为(66.7±7.1)s和(177.0±14.9)s;达氏鲟精子对K+浓度变化较为敏感,在K+浓度为0.05 mmol/L时,精子FT和LT最长,分别为(109.0±16.1)s和(189.3±12.4)s,K+浓度超过0.05 mmol/L后精子FT和LT急速下降,当K+浓度达到0.5 mmol/L以上时,精子活力立即受到抑制;达氏鲟精子细胞核长(5.67±0.20)μm,鞭毛长(63.16±2.79)μm,全长为(70.35±2.92)μm。Dabry＇s Sturgeon （Acipenser dabryanus） lives only in the Yangtze River and Chin-sha River, and its natural populations have been damaged severely by long-term over-exploitation and increasing pollution. In 1988, the fish was listed as class I state protected animal. It is immediately required to develop conservation measures for its populations, which requires both management and understanding of its biogeographical and biological chracteristics. Beacuase of the decline of natural spawning colony resource, there is litter knowledge about the sperm physio-ecological characteristics. Healthy male A.dabryanusindividuals which had been cultured by our institute were selected and their spermatozoa were collected. The density of spermatozoa was determined by counting using a haemocytometer after 1 000x dilution of samples with 0.65% NaC1 extender, and the results from three replicates were averaged. Milt concentration was enumerated by using milt collected into standard centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 4 000 r/min for 30 min. The sperm cell volume percentage in the total volume of semen was calculated from 5 replicates. Semen pH was measured with a precision test paper. Ionic composition of seminal plasma was measured by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method with the use of a AA220 spectrometer （Varian USA）. The effects of different aqueous solution on the sperm motility were measured by using different sources of test water, and Na, K sensitivity of sperm motility was assessed by activating sperm with 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 mmol/L NaC1 and 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 mmol/L KC1, respectively. For testing the motility of spermatozoa, of milt was mixed directly with 30tl of the experimental solution, placed on a glass slide and examined under 400x magnification. The ultrastructure of spermatozoa was observed by using SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and TEM （transmission electron microscopy）. All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS STATISTICS, Version 17.0. For multiple

关 键 词：达氏鲟 精子活力 精浆元素 精子结构 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]