SiO_2气凝胶材料的制备、性能及其低温保温隔热应用  

Silica Aerogel Materials: Preparation,Properties,and Applications in Low-Temperature Thermal Insulation

作　　者：张志华[1] 王文琴[1] 祖国庆[1] 沈军[1] 周斌[1] 连娅 

机构地区：[1]同济大学波耳固体物理研究所上海市人工微结构材料与技术重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《航空材料学报》2015年第1期87-96,共10页Journal of Aeronautical Materials

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAJ01B01);上海市科委纳米专项(11nm0501600;12nm0503001);国家高技术研究发展计划(2013AA031801)

摘　　要：由于SiO2气凝胶独特的纳米多孔结构,使其具有诸多其他材料所不能比拟的优异性能,比如极高的孔隙率和比表面积、极低的热导率及密度等特性。这些优异的性能使得SiO2气凝胶在高效保温隔热、隔声等领域具有极大的应用潜力。本文阐述了SiO2气凝胶的溶胶-凝胶制备过程及其机理,分别对SiO2气凝胶的热学、力学、光学和疏水性能的研究进展进行了概述,同时分析了气凝胶的微观结构与上述性能之间的关系,并介绍了SiO2气凝胶在低温保温隔热领域的应用现状和前景。Owing to the unique nanoporous structure, SiO2 aerogels have many extraordinary properties that other materials cannot match, such as extremely high porosity, high specific surface area, extremely low thermal conductivity and low density. These extraor- dinary properties enable SiO2 aerogels to have great application potential in efficient thermal insulation and sound insulation, etc. In this review, the sol-gel preparation process and mechanism of silica aerogels are studied, and the thermal, mechanical, optical and hy- drophobic properties of silica aerogels are overviewed. Meanwhile, the relationship between the microstructure and their properties are analyzed. Current application situation and potential of silica aerogels on low-temperature thermal insulations are introduced.

关 键 词：SIO2气凝胶 制备 低温保温隔热 透光性能 疏水性 

分 类 号：O648[理学—物理化学]