农村社教运动的体制困境——研究农村社教运动的一个角度  

The System Dilemma of Socialist Education Movement in Rural Area——One Perspective of Studying Socialist Education Movement in Rural Area

作　　者：郑谦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共中央党史研究室,研究员北京100080

出　　处：《中共党史研究》2015年第2期15-26,共12页CPC History Studies

摘　　要：1949年至1976年间,我国城乡以不同形式进行了各种社会主义教育运动。经过一段时间的发展,农村社教的目标逐渐定型:一是农民的"资本主义自发倾向";二是干部多吃多占之类特权、强迫命令的"作风",以及"走资本主义道路"的"方向"等。接连不断的政治运动和思想教育没有也不可能解决这些问题,却推动着阶级斗争扩大化错误和体制弊端不断发展。因为从根本上说,社教运动所要解决的问题是农业合作化运动特别是人民公社体制的产物。从更深的层次上看,它又与国家政治经济体制密切相关。这种体制在特定历史阶段有一定的合理性,但其弊端也日渐明显,特别是与阶级斗争扩大化相结合之后。解决那些由体制所产生的众多问题的根本方法不是社教之类运动和阶级斗争,而只能是深刻的体制改革。From 1949 to 1976, all kinds of socialist education movements were developed in different forms in Chinese urban and rural areas. After a period of development, the rural socialist education goal was gradually formed ： firstly, it was the farmers＇ ＂spontaneous tendency towards capitalism＂ ; secondly, it was cadres＇ extravagant possession privilege, coercion ＂style＂, and the ＂direction＂ of ＂capitalist road＂ etc.. Continuous political movements and ideology education did not and could not solve these problems, but drived continuous development of the class struggle magnification mistake and system defects. Fundamentally speaking, the problem which the socialist education movement solved was the product of the agricultural cooperative movement, especially the system of people＇ s commune. Further speaking, it was closely related to the national political and economical system. This system had a certain rationality in a specific historical stage, but its shortcomings were also gradually obvlous, especially after combination with the expansion of class struggle. The essential method of solving many problems generated by the system is not socialist education movement and class struggle, but the profound structural reform.

关 键 词：社会主义教育运动 体制安排 “四清” “资本主义自发倾向” 阶级斗争扩大化 

分 类 号：D232[政治法律—政治学] K27[政治法律—中共党史]