长白山区人参菌核病发生为害及其病原生物学研究  

Occurrence and biological characteristics of Sclerotinia rot of ginseng in Changbai Mountain regions of China

作　　者：车喜庆 付俊范 李自博[1] 李昕月[1] 魏晓兵[1] 周如军[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2015年第1期5-9,共5页China Plant Protection

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303111)

摘　　要：近年来对辽宁和吉林人参主产区病虫害调查发现,人参菌核病发生普遍,为害严重,病田率近90%,病株率5.7%,已经成为长白山区人参主要病害之一。病原生物学研究表明,人参菌核病病原菌菌丝生长及菌核形成的最适温度为20℃,以Czapek培养基为基础的氮源均为蛋白胨。菌丝生长最适pH为4,碳源为山梨醇,最适培养基为胡萝卜培养基;菌核形成的最适pH为6、碳源为果糖,最适培养基为PDA培养基。菌核萌发最佳条件为15-25℃、pH 6-8、碳、氮源分别为乳糖和甘氨酸。菌核在PDA培养基、PSA培养基、人参培养基、燕麦培养基及玉米粉培养基的萌发率均达100%。黑暗条件促进菌丝生长,有利菌核形成及菌核萌发。菌丝致死温度为42℃,菌核致死温度为47℃。Sclerotinia rot of ginseng occurred at large in main ginseng producing areas in Liaoning and Jilin in recently years with 90% of diseased fields rate and 5.7% of diseased plants rate, which had become major disease in Changbai Mountain regions. Results of researches on biological characteristics of the disease showed that optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation was 20 ℃, optimum growth nitrogen source was peptone based on Czapek, optimum pH for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation were 4 and 6, carbon source were sorbitol and fructose, and medium were carrot and PDA. Optimum temperature and pH for sclerotia germination ranged from 15 ℃ to 25℃ and 6 to 8, and carbon source was lactose and nitrogen were glycine and sclerotia. The germination rate reached 100% on PDA ,PSA, ginseng, oatmeal agar, cron grain medium. Dark condition promoted growth of mycelial, sclerotia formation and germination. Mycelial lethal temperature was 42 ℃ and sclerotia lethal temperature was 47 ℃.

关 键 词：人参菌核病 发生危害 生物学特性 人参核盘菌 

分 类 号：S435.675[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]