1963-2009年金塔绿洲变化对绿洲景观格局的影响  

Spatio-temporal change and its effects on landscape pattern of Jinta Oasis in Arid China from 1963 to 2009

作　　者：巩杰[1] 谢余初[1] 高彦净 孙朋[1] 钱大文[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第3期603-612,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(lzujbky-2013-m02);教育部"春晖计划"科研项目(Z2011028)

摘　　要：内陆河流域绿洲与荒漠景观之间的相互作用与影响机制是干旱区景观地理学的重要内容之一。绿洲时空变化及其对区域景观格局影响的研究,对流域绿洲管理和环境保护具有重要的指导意义和科学价值。以中国西北干旱区内陆河流域水土资源开发的典型代表区域——金塔绿洲为例,基于5期不同的卫星遥感数据,利用数理统计模型及景观指数等方法开展绿洲变化过程、趋势、空间分布格局和景观结构特征变化研究。结果表明:(1)1963—2009年间金塔绿洲主要以扩张为主,绿洲面积增加了167.37 km2,绿洲与荒漠间相互转化剧烈,呈现出非平衡-平衡-极端不平衡的趋势状态。绿洲变化主要体现在西坝乡、羊井子湾乡的绿洲外延扩张和在三合乡-中东-大庄子乡、金塔镇-中东镇、古城乡等地的绿洲内部填充合并。(2)近46 a来金塔绿洲景观的分形特征、离散程度和破碎化程度趋于减小,各景观斑块则趋于简单和均匀化。(3)绿洲变化在一定程度上影响着绿洲景观格局,导致景观结构趋于均匀化和密集化,绿洲斑块镶嵌体表现出散布-扩张-破碎-融合扩展的变化过程。Oasis was a small and medium scale zonal ecological landscape, and the basic places to sustain human activities and developments in the arid area. Under the influence of the increasing human activities and the change of global climate, oasis change （Oasification and desertification） was not only the most direct reflect of environmental change in the arid area, but also was one of the most active research fields of land degradation and regional sustainable development. Recently, the interaction mechanism between oasis change and landscape pattern had been regarded as an important content of regional environmental change research in arid areas. In China, oases were mainly distributed in temperate and warm temperate desert areas, but only took up 4%-5% of the total area of the northwestern China. However, more than 90% of the population and 95% of social wealth were concentrated within these oases. Jinta oasis located in the Hexi Corridor in arid northwestern China, was not only a typical oasis with long agricultural history, but also was an agro-pastoral transitional zone and ecologically fragile area. Due to the rapid growth of population, economic pressure and excess exploitation using the resources, the ecological environment and sustainable development of Jinta oasis were greatly affected. Therefore, we took Jinta oasis as a case to study oasis spatio-temporal change from 1963 to 2009 and its influence on the landscape pattern. Based on Keyhole satellite photograph in the 1963, Landsat MSS images in the 1973, TM and ETM images from 1986 to 2009, the land cover were divided into two categories： oasis and desert. Oasis included farmland, grassland, woodland, water and residential area which based on classification criteria of Chinese National Technical Standard for Land-Use Survey; desert included salinized land, bare land, desert, Gobi and low coverage grassland which the vegetation cover degree ≤ 15%.The results were tested by the field investigation, the GPS sampling and interview with local people. Af

关 键 词：干旱区 绿洲变化 时空变化 景观结构 金塔绿洲 多源遥感影像 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]