报废CRT中废铅回收的环境效益  

Quantitative Research of Environmental Benefits of Recycling Lead from Obsolete CRT

作　　者：田西[1] 吴玉锋[1] 顾一帆[1] 殷晓飞[1] 李明博[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学循环经济研究院,北京100124

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2015年第2期283-290,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2012AA063207);北京市重点学科"资源环境与循环经济"交叉学科项目(033000541214001);北京工业大学第12届研究生科技基金项目(ykj-2013-10196)

摘　　要：为研究报废CRT(阴极射线管)中废铅回收的环境效益,基于治理成本法,从实际治理成本与虚拟治理成本两方面,分别对比研究了废铅单向流动模式与循环利用模式的环境影响.废铅单向流动模式的环境影响被划分为铅矿开采的污染与生态破坏、粗铅冶炼污染、废铅掺混入建材后的污染,该模式中对废铅的实际治理成本与虚拟治理成本分别为329.20与1 322.56元/t,后者是前者的4倍;在废铅循环利用模式的2种典型工艺中,火法回收工艺对废铅的实际治理成本与虚拟治理成本分别为37.80与3.73元/t,湿法回收工艺的实际治理成本与虚拟治理成本分别为135.10与15.06元/t.与湿法回收工艺对比,火法回收工艺的治理成本更低、环境效益更好,但其需要在粗铅冶炼阶段中将报废CRT锥玻璃与铅精矿按1∶4(质量比)进行搭配回收.以典型火法回收与湿法回收工艺治理成本的平均值作为循环利用模式的环境治理成本,与单向流动模式相比,其实际治理成本与虚拟治理成本可分别节省242.75与1 313.16元/t,共节省废铅单向流动模式94.2%的环境治理总成本.铅矿开采固体废物治理成本、铅矿开采生态破坏治理成本与废铅掺混入建材后产生的地下水污染的治理成本位居前三,三者分别占到了废铅单向流动模式环境治理总成本的47%、19%与17%.To investigate the environmental benefits derived from recycling lead from CRT（cathode ray tube）,the environmental benefits of two scrap lead flow modes,single flow mode and recycling flow mode,were evaluated respectively from both actual and virtual costs perspectives using the treatment cost method.The pollution and ecological destruction could be divided into mining and emissions,and mixing risks of pollutants from smelting.It was found that the actual and virtual costs for the single flow mode of scrap lead were 329.2CNY/ton and 1322.56 CNY/t,respectively,with the latter being four times that of the former.Moreover,the pollution control costs for two typical lead recycling processes were studied as well.The actual and virtual treatment costs of scrap lead of pyrometallurgy process were 37.80 CNY/t and 3.73 CNY/t,respectively,while the actual and virtual treatment costs of hydrometallurgy process were 135.10CNY/t and 15.06 CNY/t,respectively.Comparing the actual and virtual costs for the two processes,the treatment cost of pyrometallurgy process was lower than hyrometallurgy,with the former one having a better environment benefit.However,it is limited by the constant ratio of raw materials,since the percentage of scrap CRT glass and lead concentrate is limited to 1 ∶ 4.Compared with the single flow mode,the average actual and virtual savings of the two typical pyrometallurgy and hyrometallurgy recycling processes were 242.75 CNY/t and 1313.16 CNY/t,respectively,corresponding to 94.2% of the total cost of the single flow mode.The solid waste management costs of mining,the ecological damage produced by underground mining and the water pollution risks from lead in the building materials rank as the top three costs,which account for47%,19% and 17% of the total costs of single flow mode,respectively.

关 键 词：报废CRT 铅 环境效益 治理成本法 定量研究 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]