山东棉花生育期降水量和作物需水量的时空变化特征研究  

Spatial and Temporal Variation Analysis of Rainfall and Crop Water Requirements of Cotton in Shandong

作　　者：崔日鲜[1] 陈明利[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学与植保学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第4期255-265,共11页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划子课题(2011BAD09B01)

摘　　要：基于山东省20个气象站1961-2008年的逐日气象资料,对山东棉区棉花生育期降水量和作物需水量的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,山东棉区棉花全生育期多年平均降水量在457.7~701.9mm之间,其空间分布特征为西部、东北部少,由此向东、向南递增,东南部最多。棉花播种期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮成熟期的多年平均降水量空间分布与全生育期降水量的分布基本一致。棉花全生育期多年平均作物需水量在499.0~630.9mm之间,其空间分布特征为山东北部、东北部高,由此向东、向南递减,东南、山东半岛南部地区最低。棉花播种期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮成熟期的多年平均作物需水量的空间分布特征与全生育期作物需水量的分布基本一致。近48年来,棉花全生育期、播种期、花铃期和吐絮成熟期的降水量在大部分站呈减小趋势,而苗期和蕾期则大部分站呈增大趋势,但仅10%站点的变化趋势通过了显著性水平检验。棉花全生育期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮成熟期作物需水量各有15、13、20、16和11个站呈减小趋势,而播种期则仅7个站呈减小趋势,且42%站点的变化趋势通过了显著性水平检验。Based on the climate data of 20 stations in Shandong province during the period 1961-2008,the FAO Penman-Monteith formula and the method of crop coefficient calculation were used to estimate the water requirements of cotton for each growth stages.The spatial distribution of mean precipitation and crop water requirement of whole growing period and each growth stages were derived with the inverse dis-tance weighted interpolation method.The temporal trend and abrupt change of both variables mentioned above were detected with the methods of Mann-Kendall and Pettitt test,respectively.The results showed that,the mean precipitation of the cotton whole growth period during past 48 years was ranged from 457.7 to 701.9mm.The spatial distribution of mean precipitation was low in the west and northeast of Shandong province,but high in the southeast,increasing from the west and northwest to southeast.In each growth stages,the patterns of spatial distribution were similar to the precipitation of cotton growth period.The mean crop water requirement of the cotton growth period during past 48 years was ranged from 499.0 to 630.9mm.The spatial distribution of mean crop water requirement was high in the north and northeast Shandong province,but low in the southeast and south of Shandong peninsula,decreasing＆amp;nbsp;from the north to south and the south of Shandong peninsula.In each growth stages of cotton,the pat-terns of spatial distribution of water requirements were similar to the whole growth period.During the past 48 years,almost all stations in Shandong province exhibit decreasing trends in precipitation during the cotton growth period and each growth stages,whereas significant trends were detected only at 10% sta-tions.Decreasing trends in crop water requirements were detected at 15,7,13,20,16 and 11 stations during the whole growth period,planting,seedling,first square,first flower and open boll to harvest,re-spectively,and a significant trends were detected at 42% stations.

关 键 词：降水量 作物需水量 空间分布 变化趋势 棉花 山东 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.2