典型多环芳烃生物降解及转化机制的研究进展  

Review on the Biodegradation and Conversion Mechanisms of Typical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

作　　者：姜岩[1] 杨颖[1] 张贤明[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学废油资源化技术与装备教育部工程研究中心,重庆400067

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2014年第6期1137-1150,共14页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21376285);重庆市基础与前沿研究计划项目(CSTC2013jcyjA20014);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJ120719)资助

摘　　要：多环芳烃(PAHs)作为重要的难降解环境污染物,因其突出的危害性,对其进行生物降解已受到越来越多的关注。针对不同相对分子质量的典型PAHs,概述了细菌、真菌、藻类等PAHs生物降解菌种的研究进展;以萘、蒽、菲和苯并[a]芘4种常见环境污染物为模型化合物,论述了PAHs的生物转化机制;从PAHs的生物可利用性、微生物的活性,以及环境因子方面,分析了PAHs生物降解过程中的关键影响因素。鉴于环境中PAHs具有组分多样性的特点,指出构建高效菌群,进行多菌种联合降解将成为开展PAHs生物降解的重要方法,既具有很强的针对性又可提高现有资源的利用率,可以有效地避免当前以菌种开发为主要研究方向的偶然性和随机性。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）,a class of crucially persistent pollutants with two or more fused benzene rings,have attracted growing concern due to their carcinogenic,teratogenic and mutagenic effects.The biodegradation progress of typical PAHs with different molecular masses by microorganisms including bacteria,fungi and algae isolated from contaminated soil or sediments is reviewed.The biotransformation mechanisms,key enzymes and metabolic pathways of four representative pollutants of naphthalene,anthracene,phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene were discussed.Still,the crucial impacting factors,such as bioavailability of PAHs,microbial activity and environmental factors,to increase biodegradation rate are introduced.Finally,it is advanced that studies on a high-effective microbial consortium and synergetic degradation will be considered as the important means aiming at the diversity of PAHs in the environment,which can effectively avoid the contingency and randomness in the development of PAH-degrading microbes as main direction,and is niche targeting and effective to improve the utilization of available resources.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 生物降解 降解机制 高效菌群 共代谢 影响因素 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172