北京市某区涉苯企业劳动者职业卫生服务享受情况调查  

Investigation on access to occupational health service among employees working in benzene environment in a district of Beijing

作　　者：胡在方[1,2] 贾光[1] 周国伟[2] 胡洁[2] 王安娜[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,100191 [2]北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2014年第6期249-252,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解北京市某区涉苯企业劳动者职业卫生服务(occupational health service,OHS)享受情况,探讨OHS过程中存在的问题,为促进辖区OHS发展提供建议。方法采用问卷调查方法,对涉苯企业劳动者OHS调查数据进行χ2检验。结果劳动者劳动合同签订率为96.3%;劳动者合同告知率为66.1%,随年龄、工龄增加而下降(P<0.01);劳动者工伤保险缴纳率为81.3%,外地户籍工低于本地户籍工,并随文化程度、工龄降低而下降(P<0.01);劳动者上岗前职业卫生培训率为87.5%,随文化程度增高而升高(P<0.01);劳动者在岗定期职业卫生培训率为79.1%,随文化程度增高而升高,随工龄增加而下降(P<0.01);上岗前职业健康检查率为28.5%。结论劳动者OHS享受情况整体水平不高,受年龄、工龄、文化程度影响;OHS过程中存在不公平性;应督促用人单位落实职业病防治的主体责任,提高劳动者OHS水平。Objective To investigate the status and problems of occupational health service (OHS) in benzene related enterprises in a district of Beijing, and to provide suggestion for local development of OHS. Methods Data of OHS were collected from labors working in benzene related enterprises through questioner survey. Chi-squared analysis was employed in this study. Results The signing rate of working contract was 96.3%. The overall contract informing rate was 66. 1% , which was decreased with the growing of age and length of time employed ( P 〈 0.01 ). The rate of persons with employment injury insurance was 81.3% , and the rate of local employees was higher than that of migrant employees. The insurance rate was reduced with the decreasing of employees' education level and their working time (P 〈0. 01 ). With the education level increasing, the pre-job training rate of OHS was increased (P 〈 0. 01 ) , which was 87. 5%. The rate of regular job training for labors was 79. 1% , which was significantly increased by education level (P 〈 0. 01 ) but decreased by growing of working age ( P 〈 0.01 ). The rate of occupational physical examination before working was 28.5%. Conclusion The general level of access to OHS among employees was not high, and it was affected by their age, working age and education level. The availability of OHS was not fair to all employees. The employers' responsibility of occupational disease prevention should be supervised in order to improve the level of access to OHS.

关 键 词：苯 职业卫生服务 职业病危害 

分 类 号：R132[医药卫生—劳动卫生]