学术独立之梦——饶毓泰致函胡适欲在北京大学筹建学术中心及其影响  

The Dream of Academic Independence: Rao Yutai's Letters to Hu Shih about Preparing for the Establishment of the Academic Centre in Peking University after World War Ⅱ

作　　者：张剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院历史研究所,上海200235

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2014年第4期388-410,共23页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：抗战胜利后,无论是中国学术发展态势,还是人才培育与聚集状况,几代中国人追寻的学术独立之梦都有实现的机会。在美访学的饶毓泰向胡适提出了聚集各路英才,将北京大学建设成为学术中心特别是原子能研究中心的规划,以图中国学术独立于世界学术之林。这一规划虽未实现,但直接影响了胡适在北大建立原子能研究中心的构想,并进而提出《争取学术独立的十年计划》,不仅欲求中国学术独立于世界,而且还要独立于国内政治,但终无结果。胡适、饶毓泰又借助中基会款项,欲继续实施北大原子能中心建设规划,仍无果。饶毓泰、胡适学术规划的提出,是中国学术发展到一定阶段的逻辑性产物,是学术发展的规律性表达。面临国共殊死内战的环境,这一学术独立梦想自然没有实现的可能,中国学术发展也就失去了这一机遇,充分体现了学术发展的内部规律与社会发展的外部环境的冲突,人们也一直在寻求解决这种矛盾的机制与方案。胡适提出的以法律为基础建立学术独立于政治的制度,保障学术研究与学术发展的自由,可能是解决这种矛盾与冲突的方案之一。After World War II, there was great opportunity to realize the dream of several Chinese generations for academic independence in all aspects, from the development of academics to the nurturing and gathering of talent. Rao Yutai, the Dean of the School of Science of Peking University, who was visiting and researching in the USA, put forward an academic development program to Hu Shih, then President of Peking University and also in America at that time, designed to gather talent and build Peking University into an academic centre, especially in atomic energy research. Although this program failed to achieve its goals, it directly prompted the development of Hu Shih＇s vision of establishing an atomic energy research centre in Peking University, and the idea of a ＂Ten-Year Plan for Academic Independence＂, which aimed at the independent development of China＇s academics from the world as well as politics. These proposals represent a logical product of the development of the aspirations of Chinese academics at a certain stage. They were unable to realize this dream of academic independence due to the conflict between the CPC and KMT in the Chinese civil war. China lost a perfect opportunity to develop its academic environment, embodying the conflict between the inherent laws of academic development and external social factors. Hu Shih＇s proposal perhaps is one of the solutions to such clashes and contradictions, aiming as it did to establish a perfect system of an academy independent of politics, based on laws guaranteeing freedom of research and academic development. It not only lays the foundation for a system of independent academics, but also provides a guarantee for continuity of academic development. Only in this way can the independence of Chinese academics in the world be expected.

关 键 词：学术规划 学术独立 饶毓泰 胡适 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]