实时实地氮肥管理技术对超级杂交稻产量和生理特性的影响  

Effects of Site-specific Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Physiological Characters of Super Hybrid Rice

作　　者：刘科[1,2] 何爱斌 龙继锐[3] 田小海[1,2] 张运波[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]主要粮食产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州434025 [3]湖南杂交水稻研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2015年第1期24-27,共4页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"两系杂交稻营养生理特征与高效施肥技术研究"(2012BAD07B02);国家大学生创新性实验计划项目"超级杂交稻的生态适应性研究"(104892013032)

摘　　要：为探索两系超级杂交稻的最佳养分管理措施,以Y两优1号为供试材料,比较不同氮肥管理对超级杂交稻产量和高产生理机理的影响。结果表明:1)实地氮肥管理(SSNM)处理的超级杂交稻产量达8 900kg/hm2,比对照(不施氮肥)和农民模式(FFP)分别提高35.7%和11.9%,氮肥的农学利用率比FFP提高153.0%,SSNM处理提高超级杂交稻的产量主要在于每穗粒数和结实率大幅度提高;2)叶绿素含量、叶片氮含量和超氧化物歧化酶SSNM处理比FFP模式分别提高9.6%、9.3%和7.9%。结论:SSNM处理较FFP模式能提高灌浆期根系活力、剑叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率,改善齐穗期剑叶可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、硝酸还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶的含量,从而提高超级杂交稻产量。In order to explore the optimum nutrient management method of two-line super hybrid rice,this experiment was conducted with super hybrid rice＂Y-Liangyou 1＂to compare the effects of different nitrogen management on yield and physiology of super hybrid rice.Experimental results were as follows：1）The grain yield of super hybrid rice under site-specific nitrogen management（SSNM）increased by35.7% and 11.9% compared to no N-application treatment and FFP,respectively.And the AENof super hybrid rice was increased by 150.0% under SSNM than FFP.2）Chlorophyll content,leaf nitrogen content and SOD of SSNM treatment were higher than FFP by 9.6%,9.3% and 7.9% respectively.Conclusion：SSNM treatment significantly enhanced the root activity, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate during grain filling stage,and improved the soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,nitrate reductase activity and superoxide dismutase activity of flag leaf at flowering.Then the yield was consequently enhanced.

关 键 词：两系超级杂交稻 实时实地氮肥管理 产量 氮肥农学利用率 生理特性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]