聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料及其聚烯烃纳米复合材料  

Polyolefin Covalently Grafted Nanomaterials and Polyolefin Nanocomposites Derived Thereof

作　　者：张勇杰[1,2] 李化毅[1] 董金勇[1] 胡友良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院化学研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《化学进展》2015年第1期47-58,共12页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.51403216)资助~~

摘　　要：聚烯烃纳米复合材料为聚烯烃材料带来广阔的性能提升空间,其研究开发工作引起了人们的广泛关注。聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料在制备高性能聚烯烃纳米复合材料方面有重要应用。接枝聚烯烃提高了纳米材料与聚烯烃基体之间的相容性,提供良好的界面作用力,从而有效促进纳米材料在聚烯烃基体中均匀分散、极大提高了聚烯烃纳米复合材料的相关性能。三种途径可以用来制备聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料:Graft-onto、Graft-from、Graft-through。Graft-onto方法是端基或侧基功能化聚烯烃与纳米材料表面活性基团或碳结构进行接枝反应的过程。由于功能化聚烯烃具有高度反应活性且方便得到,Graft-onto方法占据了制备聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料的主流。Graft-from和Graft-through方法中聚烯烃接枝过程即为烯烃聚合过程,实施较为困难,因而文献报道相对较少。本文对聚烯烃共价键接枝纳米材料的制备及其相应的聚烯烃纳米复合材料的最新研究进展进行了综述,着重讨论了聚烯烃接枝对聚烯烃纳米复合材料性能的影响。所涉及纳米材料包括二氧化硅(零维)、碳纳米管(一维)和石墨烯(二维)。Over the past few decades,much effort has been devoted to the generation of polyolefin nanocomposites,which offers substantial improvements to polyolefin properties with minimal nanofiller mass（ 0. 1 wt% ~ 5 wt%）.Nanomaterials covalently grafted with polyolefin show great potential in developing high performance polyolefin nanocomposites. Grafted polyolefin chains generally provide high compatibility and good interfacial interactions between nanomaterials and polyolefin matrix,and thus promote homogeneous dispersion of nanomaterials into polyolefin matrix and enhance mechanical,thermal（ and other） properties of polyolefin nanocomposites. Three strategies employed to covalently graft polyolefin to nanomaterials include： graft-onto,graft-from and graft-through.The high availability and reactivity of functionalized polyolefin,together with the difficulties encountered in the latter two approaches, renders ＂grafting-onto ＂ approach as the mainstream of surface grafting polyolefin to nanomaterials. Both chain end functionalized polyolefin and side group functionalized polyolefin（ mainly maleicanhydride-grafted polyolefin and its derivatives） have been extensively applied in surface grafting polyolefin to nanomaterials via ＂grafting-onto ＂ approach while reports on ＂graft-from ＂ and ＂graft-through ＂ approaches arelimited. Here we review recent progress on polyolefin covalently grafted nanomaterials（ silica,zero dimensional;carbon nanotube,one dimensional; graphene（ oxide）,two dimensional） with a focus on the properties of polyolefin nanocomposites derived thereof.

关 键 词：功能化聚烯烃 纳米材料 表面改性 共价键接枝 聚烯烃纳米复合材料 

分 类 号：O632.12[理学—高分子化学]