杀虫剂对烟蚜茧蜂不同发育阶段的毒性  

The toxicity of insecticides to Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead in different developmental stages

作　　者：陈德锟[1] 陈珍珍[1] 刘长明[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学植物保护学院,农业部亚热带农业生物灾害与治理重点开放实验室/福建省昆虫生态重点实验室,福建福州350002

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2014年第3期191-195,共5页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：福建省烟草公司科研项目[(2012)088]

摘　　要：【背景】烟蚜茧蜂是控制烟蚜田间种群的重要寄生蜂。施用化学杀虫剂防治烟蚜及其他害虫时,也会对烟蚜茧蜂产生毒性,影响对烟蚜种群的自然控制效果。了解杀虫剂对烟蚜茧蜂不同发育阶段的毒性,可为田间选择合理施药时间提供参考。【方法】在室内用试管药膜法和饲喂法测定了5%阿维菌素、5%啶虫脒、10%顺式氯氰菊酯和10%吡虫啉对烟蚜茧蜂成蜂的毒性,并在烟蚜茧蜂各虫期使用亚致死浓度药剂处理,研究这些杀虫剂对其羽化的影响。【结果】阿维菌素的触杀和胃毒作用最强,烟蚜茧蜂24 h死亡率分别为87.78%和94.44%;吡虫啉的触杀和胃毒作用最弱,烟蚜茧蜂24 h死亡率分别为41.11%和61.11%;啶虫脒(烟蚜茧蜂24 h死亡率分别为81.11%和86.66%)、顺式氯氰菊酯(烟蚜茧蜂24 h死亡率分别为64.44%和67.78%)的触杀和胃毒作用居中。在寄生蜂卵期用药,阿维菌素和啶虫脒可显著降低当代成蜂羽化率;在幼虫期用药,4种杀虫剂均显著降低了成蜂的羽化率;在蛹期用药,4种杀虫剂对成蜂的羽化率均没有显著影响。在寄生蜂幼虫期使用阿维菌素会使雌蜂比例显著高于对照,其余3种杀虫剂对雌蜂比例均无显著影响。【结论与意义】在烟蚜茧蜂成虫期使用这些杀虫剂,死亡率均较高,因此在成蜂较多时应禁止使用杀虫剂。[ Background] The parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead is one of important natural enemies to control the population of the aphid Myzus persicae （Sulzer） in the fields. The chemical insecticides should infect the parasitoid and reduce its control effect when they were sprayed to control aphids or other pests. In order to avoid spraying insecticides during the sensitive period of A. gifuensis, it is necessary to know the insecticide toxicities and effects on different developmental stages. [ Method] Toxicities of four insecticides （5% avermectin, 5% alpha-cypermethrin, 10% acetamiprid, 10% imidacloprid） on adult parasitoids of A. g/fuens/s were evaluated under laboratory conditions by the methods of residual film in glass tube and feeding. The influences of four insecticides on the emergence rate of A. gifuensis were studied at sublethal concentrations of tobacco aphids. [ Result] Both the contact toxicity and the stomach toxicity of avermectin for adult parasitoids were the strongest among these insecticides, with mortality rates at 24 h reaching 87.78% and 94.44% respectively. The toxicity of imidacloprid were the weakest, with mortality rates at 24 h of dl. 11% and 61.11% respectively. The toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin （81.11%, 86.66% ） and acetamiprid （6d.4d%, 67.78% ） were medium. The emergence rates could be significantly reduced when parasitoids were treated by avermectin and acetamiprid during egg stage or any of these four insecticides during the larval stage. However, the emergence rates were not changed distinctly when pupal parasitoids were treated. The sex ratio of parasitoid was significantly affected only when abamectin was used at the larval stage. [ Conclusion and significance] The mortality rates of parasitoids were higher when these insecticides were used at the adult stage, suggesting the insecticides should not be used during the presence of adult A. g/fuens/s in the field.

关 键 词：杀虫剂 烟蚜茧蜂 虫期 毒性 

分 类 号：S481.1[农业科学—农药学]