1996—2013年百色市麻疹流行特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Baise City from 1996 to 2013

作　　者：汤健闻[1] 柳智豪[1] 蒙建军[1] 余水兰[1] 黄丽花[1] 

机构地区：[1]百色市疾病预防控制中心,广西百色533099

出　　处：《应用预防医学》2015年第1期8-10,共3页Applied Preventive Medicine

基　　金：百色市科技研究与技术开发计划项目(20140510)

摘　　要：目的了解百色市麻疹疫情长期变化趋势,为进一步控制和实现消除麻疹提供依据.方法麻疹发病资料来自法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测信息报告系统（MSS）,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析.结果百色市1996-2013 年麻疹发病率总体呈下降趋势,2011 年降至最低水平（0/10 万）.2008 年后的发病高峰后移2～3 个月,发病年龄仍以1～14 岁为主,但2013 年发生的暴发疫情病例中〈1 岁组和〉15 岁组的发病占比增加,出现发病年龄双向位移的趋势.8 月龄～14 岁患者中无免疫史或免疫史不详者3 032 例,占61.59%.结论麻疹疫苗接种免疫空白是麻疹发病的主要原因.近年采取的强化免疫和查漏补种等综合防制措施是有效的.应进一步提高含麻疹成分疫苗2 剂次接种率达95%,提高监测质量和早期疫情应急处置能力以及控制医院内感染.Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles from 1996 to 2013 inBaise City,and provide the evidence for further control and elimination of measles. Methods The epidemiologicalcharacteristic of measles in Baise City was analyzed with description epidemiological methods by using the datarecorded in the measles surveillance system （MSS） from 1996 to 2013. Results The overall incidence rate of measlesin Baise showed a trend of decline in the period and the incidence rate in 2011 decreased to zero. After 2008 theoutbreak peak of each year postponed 2-3 months and the onset group was dominated by 1-14 years-old children.While in the outbreaks of 2013, higher onset proportions in the groups of 〈1 year-old and 〉15 year-old withnon-immunization were recorded, the age distribution in onset cases had a trend of bi-directional displacements. Inthe cases aged 8 months to 14 years the proportion of unknown immunization or non-immunization persons was61.59%. Conclusion Having not enough MV immunization is a major cause of measles outbreak. In recent years,enhanced immunization measures are effective. We should further improve the coverage of measles vaccine to 95%,and improve the quality of monitoring and the early warning and infection control in hospitals.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行病学 控制策略 

分 类 号：R511.11[医药卫生—内科学]