蠡湖沉积物质量评估体系的构建  

Preliminary evaluation of the sediment quality for Lihu Lake

作　　者：李佳璐[1] 姜霞[1] 王雯雯[1] 王书航[1] 赵丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2015年第2期565-573,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-013)

摘　　要：为有效地开展蠡湖的生态环境保护工作,在对其上覆水、沉积物及底栖生物调查基础上,识别了蠡湖沉积物的主要问题,建立了由1个目标层、3个要素层、10个指标层构成的沉积物质量综合评估体系,开展了沉积物质量评估.结果表明,影响蠡湖沉积物质量评估的3个要素层相对重要性排序为底泥污染特征（0.522）〉生态特征（0.322）〉水体污染特征（0.146）;指标层中的10个评估指标中权重较大的是底栖动物多样性指数（0.282）、氨氮释放通量（0.208）、水质类别（0.128）和溶解磷释放通量（0.109）.蠡湖沉积物质量综合指数在49~79之间,处于轻度污染和中度污染,整体上呈现西蠡湖大于东蠡湖,沿岸小于湖心的分布趋势.各评估指标对沉积物质量综合指数的多元回归分析结果表明,蠡湖沉积物的主要问题是沉积物中氮磷的释放及底栖生物多样性单一.该评价结果与蠡湖各分区的实际调查情况相符,可为其他湖泊的沉积物质量评估提供一定的参考.In order to protect the ecological environment of Lihu lake,the main environmental problem of Lihu lake was recognized based on the investigation of its overlying water and sediment as well as the benthic organisms. According to investigation results,the paper established sediment quality comprehensive evaluation system composing of one target layer,three element layers,and ten index layers to evaluated the sediment quality in Lihu lake. Results showed that as for the sediment of Lihu lake,the relative important order of the three index layers was sediment pollution characteristics（0.522）ecological characteristics（0.32）water pollution characteristics（0.146）. Benthic biodiversity index（0.282）,ammonia flux（0.208）,water quality classification（0.128）,and phosphorus flux（0.109） had much more influence among the 10 assessment index in the index layer. Sediment quality comprehensive index（SQCI） of Lihu sediments was 49~79,and sediment quality classification of Lihu Lake was slightly polluted and moderately polluted. SQCI in west Lihu lake was higher than that in east Lihu Lake,and central lake was higher than coastal areas. Results of multi-regression analysis between evaluation indexes and SQCI indicated that release of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments and single benthic biodiversity were the main problems of Lihu Lake sediments. The assessment results were coincident with the Lihu Lake situations,and the study may have some implications for the sediment quality evaluation of other lakes.

关 键 词：蠡湖 沉积物 质量评估 指标体系 权重 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]