四川省东部和西南部冬季水鸟调查  

Survey on Winter Waterfowls in the East and Southwest of Sichuan Province

作　　者：胡仕源 冉江洪[1] 窦亮[1] 蔡国[1] 郑志荣[1] 李波[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,成都610064

出　　处：《四川动物》2015年第1期120-125,共6页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：四川省林业厅四川省第二次湿地资源调查项目

摘　　要：2012年12月中旬至2013年1月中旬,对四川省东部8个中型水库和1条自然河段、西南部3个湖泊的冬季水鸟进行了调查,记录到水鸟41种,隶属7目10科。四川东部地区有23种,其中有国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类鸳鸯Aix galericulata 1种,东部冬季水鸟群落物种数不多,种群数量也不大,种群数量最多的是绿头鸭Anas platyrhynchos、绿翅鸭A.crecca和斑嘴鸭A.poecilorhyncha。四川西南部地区记录到33种,其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类中华秋沙鸭Mergus squamatus 1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类鸳鸯1种,西南部冬季水鸟的群落物种数较多,种群数量也较大,种群数量最多的是骨顶鸡Fulica atra、凤头潜鸭A.fuligula和赤嘴潜鸭Netta rufina。天然湖泊和自然河段的冬季水鸟种类和数量都多于人工湖泊。除二滩水库外,湖泊(库塘)面积与水鸟种类和数量呈正相关。旅游、行船和偷猎是水鸟越冬地面临的主要干扰和威胁。需加强湿地保护和对偷猎行为的大力打击。From December 2012 to January 2013, the winter waterfowl of three main wetlands in southwestern Sichuan Province, eight medium-sized reservoirs and one natural river in the eastern Sichuan Province was investigated. A total of 41 waterfowl species belonging to 7 orders and 10 families were recorded. In eastern Sichuan, the species richness of winter wa- terfowl communities was low, with a total of 23 species recorded in the reservoirs and rivers; the populations of the waterfowl were small, and Anas platyrhynchos, A. crecca, and A. poecilorhyncha were the most abundant species ; Aix galericulata, a second class nationally protected species in China, was recorded. Compared to the winter waterfowl communities in south- western Sichuan, more bird species were recorded with 33 species in total ; the population sizes of the waterfowl were larger, with Fulica atra, Aythya fuligula, and Netta rufina the most abundant; one first class nationally protected species in Chi- na--Mergus squamatus, and one second class nationally protected species in China, A. galericulata, were recorded. Our results showed that the species richness and population size of winter waterfowl communities were higher in natural lakes and rivers than in artificial lakes, and were significantly correlated with the areas of the lakes and reservoirs （ Ertan Reservoir ex- cluded）. Tourism, sailing, and poaching might be the main threats to the winter habitat of the waterfowl, therefore, the protection and management of wetlands needs to be strengthened.

关 键 词：四川省 湿地 湖泊 水鸟 干扰 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]