美国湿地占用付费补偿制度及其启示  

Empirical Research on Wetland Mitigation In-lieu Fee System in USA and Its Inspiration

作　　者：邵琛霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京审计学院法学院,江苏南京211815

出　　处：《河北法学》2015年第3期74-81,共8页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目<我国重大工程项目建设社会稳定风险预警机制研究>(11YJA630032);江苏省法学会项目<美国湿地占用补偿制度对江苏省湿地保护借鉴研究>(SFH2013D13);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究资助项目<生态文明视域下江苏湿地占用补偿法律规制研究>(2014SJB214)

摘　　要：十八届三中全会提出生态文明建设需要建立生态补偿制度,用制度保护生态环境。工业化、城市化进程的不断加快使湿地生态不断退化,湿地占用补偿提上日程。《湿地保护管理规定》首次确立了工程占用补偿制度,但未涉及具体的占用补偿实现机制。美国湿地占用付费补偿制度是通过各种湿地生态价值评估方法,借助湿地预付信用这样的量化单位,使湿地开发者付费给即将开展的湿地保护项目,实现了湿地的动态保护,协调了经济发展和生态保护的冲突。生态付费制度缓解了美国湿地流失的速度,实现了湿地面积的动态平衡。美国的经验对我国中央和地方设计湿地占用补偿的具体实现机制有参考意义。The Third Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist proposed the construction of ecological civilization needs the establishment of ecological compensation system,using the system to protect the ecological environment. Under the pressure of economic growth in China,wetland occupation compensation system is on the agenda. How to realize wetland compensation mechanism needs to learn other country＇ s experience. The wetland protection In-lieu fee system in USA is an active exploration in the wetland protection which achieve the goal of no less loss wetland with the help of the wetland advance credit that the developer should pay to in-lieu fee program. The system coordinate the conflict between development and protection,ease the American wetland loss rate and achieve dynamic balance of wetland. In our country,construction programs often involve in wetland occupancy problems. Recently wetland occupancy compensation idea is established in rule and the advanced idea of the system in USA is helpful for our country to construct our wetland compensation system.

关 键 词：湿地保护 占用补偿 生态付费 立法 启示 

分 类 号：DF969[政治法律—国际法学]