英汉中动结构对比研究:语言类型学视野  

Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Middle Constructions:Typological Perspective

作　　者：高秀雪[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学外国语学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《山东外语教学》2015年第1期18-25,共8页Shandong Foreign Language Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"平行建构理论框架下话题结构的跨语言比较研究"(项目编号:13BYY003);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"中动及其相关去及物性结构--基于句法-语义-语用综合界面的跨语言比较研究"(项目编号:12YJC740023);青岛农业大学高层次人才启动基金项目(项目编号:631101)的部分成果

摘　　要：英语中动结构和汉语"V-起来"中动结构之间存在许多差异,表现在句法、语义和语用各个方面,无论是中动事件,还是中动主语论元、中动词和附加成分都存在区别。概括来说,汉语中动结构的生成制约没有英语严格,中动构成自由度高,汉语中动结构更具有多产性。英汉中动结构的差异具有语言类型学原因:汉语为话题凸显语言,英语为主语凸显语言;汉语的论元实现具有较高的灵活性;汉语是体貌凸显语言而英语是时态凸显语言。英汉中动结构和各自的语法相一致,汉语语法比英语语法更能满足中动结构生成的条件。There are a lot of differences between English middle constructions and Chinese ＂V-qilai＂ middle con- structions. The differences are shown in the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects： not only middle event but also the selection of subject, middle verbs and adjunct. In sum, the constraints of Chinese middle construc- tions are less rigid and Chinese middle formation is more flexible, thus Chinese middle constructions are more productive than English ones. These differences come from language typology： Chinese is topic-prominent whereas English is subject-prominent; argument realization of Chinese is more flexible than that of English; Chi- nese is aspect-prominent whereas English is tense-prominent. Both English and Chinese middle constructions match their own grammar and Chinese grammar can satisfy the generation of middle constructions better than English grammar.

关 键 词：中动结构 多产性 语言类型学 

分 类 号：H005[语言文字—语言学]