小兴安岭7种典型林型林分生物量碳密度与固碳能力  

Biomass carbon density and carbon sequestration capacity in seven typical forest types of the Xiaoxing'an Mountains, China

作　　者：胡海清[1] 罗碧珍[1] 魏书精[1,2,3] 魏书威[4] 孙龙[1] 罗斯生 马洪斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]桂林理工大学土木与建筑工程学院,广西桂林541004 [3]广西建筑新能源与节能重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [4]兰州理工大学设计艺术学院,兰州730050

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2015年第2期140-158,共19页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：黑龙江省博士后基金(LBH-Z13012);广西自然科学基金(2014GXNSFBA118108);国家公益性行业科研重大专项(201404402);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD37B01);国家自然科学基金(51208244和31070544);黑龙江省科技攻关重点项目(GA09B201-06);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB403203);林业公益性行业科研专项(2010-04003-6)

摘　　要：森林生物碳储量作为森林生态系统碳库的重要组成部分,在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。以小兴安岭7种典型林型为研究对象,通过外业样地调查与室内实验分析相结合的方法,从林分尺度对林分生物量与碳密度进行计量,分析了林分生物碳储量的空间分配格局,并对林分年固碳能力与碳汇潜力进行了探讨。结果表明:小兴安岭不同林型从幼龄林到成熟林的乔木层碳密度增长速率为:蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)林>兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)林>云冷杉(Picea-Abies)林>樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)林>山杨(Populus davidiana)林>红松(Pinus koraiensis)林>白桦(Betula platyphylla)林。7种典型林型不同龄组(幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和成熟林)林分生物量碳密度分别为:红松林31.4、74.7、118.4和130.2 t·hm–2;兴安落叶松林28.9、44.3、74.2和113.3 t·hm–2;樟子松林22.8、52.0、71.1和92.6 t·hm–2;云冷杉林23.1、44.1、77.6和130.3 t·hm–2;白桦林18.8、35.3、66.6和88.5 t·hm–2;蒙古栎林25.0、20.0、47.5和68.9 t·hm–2;山杨林19.8、28.7、43.7和76.6 t·hm–2。红松林、兴安落叶松林、樟子松林和蒙古栎林在幼龄林时林分年固碳量较高,其他林型在成熟林时林分年固碳量较高。7种典型林型不同龄组的林分生物量碳密度均随林龄增长而增加,但不同林型的碳汇功能存在差异,同一林型不同林龄的生物量碳密度增幅差异也较大。林分年固碳量在0.4–2.8 t·hm–2之间,碳汇能力较强、碳汇潜力较大。尤其是小兴安岭目前林分质量较差,幼龄林和中龄林所占的比重较大,具有较大的碳汇潜力。研究结果可为森林经营管理及碳汇功能评价提供参考。Aims Forests are the world＇s largest carbon （C） pool and sink among the terrestrial ecosystems. The amount of C in vegetation plays an important role in the global C cycle and balance. Our objectives were to assess C density and sequestration capacity in seven typical forest types of the Xiaoxing＇an Mountains, Heilongjiang Province, China and to understand the implication of the C sink to the regional C budget and future forest C management. Methods Field surveys were combined with laboratory analysis and allometric equations for obtaining data for a variety of variables. Seven typical forest types in the Xiaoxing＇an Mountains were studied based on age groups and plant functional groups （trees, shrubs, herbaceous and litter）, including Pinus koraiensis, Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Picea-Abies, Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica, and Populus davidiana forests. Surveys were made on C density and annual carbon gains in trees, understory shrubs, herbaceous plants and litter for each forest type. The forest stands were classified into age groups for estimating the biomass and C density of the study area. Important findings The C density of the seven forest types in different age groups varied widely. The C density per unit area for young, middle-aged, near mature and mature forests of each forest type were as follows： 31.4, 74.7, 118.4 and 130.2 t.hm-2 in Pinus koraiensis; 28.9, 44.3, 74.2 and 113.3 t.hm2 in L. gmelinii; 22.8, 52.0, 71.1 and 92.6 t·hm-2 in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica; 23.1, 44.1, 77.6 and 130.3 t·hm-2 in Picea-Abies; 18.8, 35.3, 66.6 and 88.5 t＇hm-2 in B. platyphylla; 25.0, 20.0, 47.4 and 68.9 t＇hm-2 in Q. mongolica; and 19.8, 28.7, 43.7 and 76.6 t.hm-2 in Populus davidiana forests, respectively. These results show that biomass C stocks in the Xiao- xing＇an Mountains play an important role in the C cycle and regional C balance. Different forest types and stands of different age groups varied greatly in C stocks. Because most growth in the seven fores

关 键 词：林分生物量 碳密度 固碳能力 年固碳量 碳汇管理路径 小兴安岭 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]