两家锂离子电池制造企业职业病危害现状及控制效果分析  

Occupational hazards and control measures in two lithium-ion battery manufacturing companies

作　　者：石峻岭[1] 杨思佳[1] 宁勇[1] 孙广文[1] 张莉萍[1] 陈健[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2014年第6期364-367,共4页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：目的对上海两家车用动力锂离子电池制造企业职业病危害特征和卫生防护效果进行调查与评价,为控制职业病危害提供依据。方法通过卫生学调查、职业病危害因素监测和职业健康检查等方法确定其危害特点和危害性,并评价其防护效果。结果两家企业业存在磷酸铁锂粉尘、活性炭粉尘、石墨粉尘、氧化铝烟(粉)尘、氧化铁粉尘、镍及其无机化合物、锰及其无机化合物、聚偏氟乙烯树脂、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、乙醇、铜烟、六氟磷酸锂、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、噪声、工频电场等职业病危害因素,所测定的主要职业病危害因素的浓(强)度均符合相关职业卫生标准的要求。作业人员职业健康体检未发现职业病或疑似职业病病人。结论根据《建设项目职业病危害风险分类管理目录(2012年版)》的规定,该行业属于职业病危害较重的行业,本次调查的两家企业各项防护措施基本达到防护效果,但需定期进行危险性评价,实行危险度管理。Objective To investigate the characteristics of occupational hazards in two lithium-ion vehicle-power battery manufacturing industries and evaluate the effectiveness of present control measures. Methods The occupational hazards were surveyed and the potential effects of these occupational exposures on workers＇ health were evaluated by the analysis of occupational surveillance data. Results The occupational hazards in lithium-ion vehicle-power battery manufacturing industries included lithium iron phosphate dust,activated carbon dust,graphite dust,aluminium oxide dust,iron oxide dust,nickel and its inorganic compounds,polyvinylidene fluoride,manganese and its inorganic compounds, N-Methylpyrrolidone,alcohol,copper fumes,lithium hexafluorophosphate,ethylene carbonate,propylene carbonate,noise,and power frequency electric field. The levels of those hazards were lower than the national exposure limits. The occupational surveillance data showed that the current exposure had no effect on workers＇ health status. Conclusion The classification of occupational hazards in lithium-ion battery manufacturing industry was ranked as severe according to the national guideline,however,the present control measures were effective to protect workers＇ health. But the regular and periodical examination should be done to ensure that these measures be forever effective.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 职业病危害 防护效果 N-甲基吡咯烷酮 粉尘 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]