《马氏文通》的读理论及相关问题  

Theory of Dou and Related Matters in Ma's Grammar Book

作　　者：陈国华[1] 

机构地区：[1]盐城师范学院文学院,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《盐城师范学院学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第1期55-60,共6页Journal of Yancheng Teachers University（Humanities & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"比较句法学视野下的近代汉语致使结构研究"(13CYY056);江苏省高校哲学社会科学项目"汉语分析型致使结构的兴起和演变"(2012SJB740038)

摘　　要：多数学者认为,《马氏文通》读理论是中西合璧的产物,而这正是其重重矛盾的根源。其实读的中西方色彩在马氏的体系里很好地融合在了一起。除去极少数特例,马氏语法系统中的读都是有起词的,所以读一定是个句子形式;"读"作为句法层面的概念,主要来源于西方语言的各种子句,包括subordination和hypotaxis,换个角度看,包括时态从句、非时态从句和小小句。读应定义为不独立的子句,它与句的界限在于[±独立]。在此特征上句读差别具有相对性,所以句、读都是原型范畴(prototype category);读与单个词或者短语的界限虽不明晰,但能在连动结构中得到区分。如此重新认识了读的内涵和外延之后,前辈学者指出的句读论的矛盾大多也就涣然冰释了。This article tries to find out the connotation and extension of Dou in Ma Jianzhong＇ s theory, according to the definition, argument and the analysis of the data in Ma＇ s Grammar Book. （1） Dou has its own subject and is a clause in Ma＇ s theory, except few cases. Ma＇ s method of uniformity has some common elements with its counterpart in contemporary syntax, which is a scientific method which can make the grammar system become simple and concise. The uniformity method can insipire our study of grammar today. （2） Dou is a concept comprises Chinese and Western elements, which integrate into each other well. As a syntactic concept, Dou originates from all types of clauses, including subordination and hypotaxis, or tense clause, non-tense clause and small clause from another perspective. （3） Dou should be defined as an independent clause. The parameter [ ＋ dependent] distinguishes Dou from Ju, which is a relative parameter, but not an absolute one. Dou can be clearly distinguished from word and phrase in serial verb constructions, although they are very analogical in other contexts.

关 键 词：《马氏文通》 读 原型范畴 子句 起词 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]