生草栽培对果园面源污染的控制:三种牧草的比较研究  

A comparison of the effect of three grass species on controlling non-point pollution in orchards

作　　者：高小叶[1] 张兴兴[1] 朱建国[1] 安渊[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院农业部都市农业(南方)重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《草业学报》2015年第2期49-54,共6页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD17B02);上海市农委攻关项目[沪农科攻字(2013)第5-10号];上海市科委基础重点项目(13JC1403200)资助

摘　　要：本文选择菊苣、紫花苜蓿和白三叶,在桃园分别建立3种生草栽培模式,并以清耕为对照。通过人工模拟暴雨的降雨过程,研究不同施肥条件下,3种生草栽培模式对地表径流和果园面源污染的影响,结果表明,桃园种植菊苣、紫花苜蓿和白三叶明显减少了地表径流,与对照相比,径流量依次降低41.6%,35.0%和58.4%,但三者之间差异不显著。地表径流量与草地盖度呈现显著负相关(P<0.05),与草地密度和基盖度的相关性不显著。不同施氮条件下,菊苣、紫花苜蓿和白三叶草地的铵态氮、总氮和总磷径流量明显下降,其中,白三叶草地对降低铵态氮、总氮和总磷的径流流失量效果最好,其次是菊苣草地。本研究结果表明不同生草栽培模式对果园面源污染的防控效果存在差异,研究结果为果园建立适宜的生草栽培模式提供了依据。Pastures of alfalfa （Medicago sativa）, chicory （Cichoriurn intybus） and white clover （Trifolium re- pens） were established separately to study their effects on controlling runoff and non-point pollution under the application of fertilizers in a peach orchard. Simulations of torrential rain were conducted. The results showed that the amount of runoff in the chicory, alfalfa, and white clover pastures decreased 41. 6o/00, 35. 0% and 58.4%0 respectively, in comparison with the control, but there is no difference between these three pastures. The relationship between runoff amount and pasture coverage was significantly negative, but relationships be- tween runoff amount and density, as well as runoff amount and basal coverage of pasture, were not significant. Compared to the control, the content of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in runoff sig- nificantly decreased in the three pastures with the application of fertilizers. This decrease was most pronounced with white clover, with chicory in second place. This study suggests that establishing pastures in orchards can help to control runoff and non-point pollution and that the effectiveness of this control depends on the types of pasture （e. g. plant species or coverage）.

关 键 词：果园生草 面源污染 地表径流 草地 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]