黄土高原水平梯田现状及减沙作用分析  

The Status and Sediment Reduction Effects of Level Terrace in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：马红斌[1] 李晶晶[1] 何兴照[1] 刘晓燕[2] 王富贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局,陕西西安710021 [2]黄河水利委员会,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2015年第2期89-93,共5页Yellow River

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB02B05)

摘　　要：水平梯田是黄土高原地区发展水土保持高效农业的重要措施之一，具有农业增效、生态修复的双重功能。基于资源三号卫星遥感影像和实地调查数据，分析了2012年黄土高原地区梯田现状：规模、分布、质量、利用方式及其减沙作用。结果表明：截至2012年底，黄土高原地区现有水平梯田371．29万hm2，主要分布在甘肃省黄河流域及其邻近地区、山西省河龙间支流流域，这些区域水平梯田面积占黄土高原梯田总面积的54．3％；渭河、泾河、祖厉河流域梯田质量等级较高且多以农耕为主，河龙间梯田多为4～6m的窄条梯田，质量较低，梯田退耕现象普遍存在；未来甘肃省黄河流域梯田建设应以旧梯田改造为主，新建梯田发展空间为新增5％～15％，河龙间发展潜力为新增25％；基于梯田减沙的计算方法，现有水平梯田潼关以上地区减沙能力约为5亿t。Level terrace is one of the most important measures of developing soil and water conservation and efficient agriculture in the Loess Plateau,which has the dual role of agriculture efficiency and ecological restoration. This paper analyzed the level terrace status：including scale,distribution,quality,planting structure and sediment reduction effects,based on remote sensing image of the ZY-3 Satellite and field survey. The results show that there have level terrace 3. 71 million hm2 by the end of 2012,mainly distributed in the Yellow River basin in Gansu Province and adjacent areas and Hekouzhen-Longmen reaches of the Yellow River in Shanxi Province,where the terraced area ac-counts for around 54. 3% of the total terrace area in the Loess Plateau;Level terrace in Weihe River,Jinghe River and Zulihe River has a high quality rank and is dominated by farming,however,there have mainly narrow terraces with width 4-6 m in He-Long reaches,and＆quot;Terrace for Farmland＆quot; is commonly appearing. In the future,terrace construction in the Yellow River of Gansu Province should give priority to damaged terrace reconstruction,the development space maybe 5% ~15%,however,He-Long reaches has a higher development poten-tial,expect to increase new terrace by as much as 25%. Based on the terrace sediment reduction calculation method,the existing level ter-races in the area upstream Tongguan can reduce sediment about 500 million tons.

关 键 词：梯田现状 减沙作用 发展潜力 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]