氨基酸感知与代谢调控的研究进展  

Advances in Amino Acid Sensing and Metabolic Regulation

作　　者：许丹丹[1] 何艮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,水产动物营养与饲料农业部重点实验室,海水养殖教育部重点实验室,青岛266003

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2015年第2期342-351,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31222055);国家973计划(2014CB138602)

摘　　要：氨基酸不仅是蛋白质和其他含氮化合物合成的重要前体,还参与体内主要代谢途径的调控。当氨基酸不足时,机体内多种机制参与调节体内平衡,包括快速停止蛋白质合成、增加氨基酸合成和转运,以及加强自噬作用。越来越多的学者证明氨基酸可作为信号分子参与细胞内信号传导过程,可以调节其他营养素如脂肪和能量的代谢,最终导致机体整体代谢的改变。本文主要综述细胞内氨基酸的营养感知与应答机制,涉及氨基酸应答(AAR)和雷帕霉素靶蛋白(TOR)2条信号转导通路,并探讨这2条信号通路对下游营养素代谢途径的调节。Amino acids, considered as the important building blocks for the synthesis of protein and other nitro-gen compounds, have recently shown to act as modulators of intracellular signal transduction pathways. To a-dapt to intracellular amino acid deprivation, multiple adaptive mechanisms have evolved, including a quick ces-sation of new protein synthesis, an increase in amino acid transport and biosynthesis, and autophagy. Evidence has accumulated that amino acids also function as signal molecule which profound effects on regulation of cell signaling and gene expression. Metabolic adaptation including lipid and energy metabolism is required to cope with episodes of protein or amino acids available leading to overall metabolic changes in multicellutar organ-isms. Here, the current knowledge about the mechanisms of intracellular amino acid sensing and response, in-volving in the amino acid response （ AAR） pathway and the target of rapamycin （ TOR） signaling pathway, and how these two pathways regulate downstream nutrients metabolism were reviewed.

关 键 词：氨基酸感知 氨基酸应答 雷帕霉素靶蛋白 代谢 

分 类 号：Q493[生物学—生理学] S968.1[农业科学—水产养殖]