不同能量水平饲粮对7～10月龄荷斯坦育成牛生长性能和血清指标的影响  

Effects of Diets with Different Energy Levels on Growth Performance and Serum Indices in Chinese Holstein Heifers Aged 7 to 10 Months

作　　者：曾书秦 刁其玉[1] 王建芬 王俊 司丙文[1] 杨春涛[1] 屠焰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,奶牛营养学北京重点实验室,北京100081 [2]北京延庆县畜牧技术推广站,北京102100 [3]北京市畜牧总站,北京100029

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2015年第2期606-615,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队;国家科技支撑计划项目课题"华北农区及北方大城市奶牛健康养殖生产技术集成及产业化示范"(2012BAD12B06)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同能量水平饲粮对7～10月龄育成牛生长性能和血清指标的影响。选取（200±3）日龄中国荷斯坦育成母牛24头,随机分为A、B和C 3个处理,对应饲喂产奶净能分别为5.40、5.90和6.40 MJ/kg 的试验饲粮,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头牛。预试期10 d,正试期90 d。于210、240、270和300日龄清晨空腹测定生长性能指标（体重、体高、体斜长、胸围、腹围、腰角宽、乳头长度、体况评分）,并采集血液样品用于血清指标（甘油三酯、尿素氮、雌激素、雌二醇、瘦素、生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-1）分析。结果表明：1）在210～300日龄,A、B、C组育成牛平均日增重分别为0.69、0.81、0.96 kg/d,C组显著高于 A 组（ P＜0.05）。2）在240日龄,A组左后乳头长度均显著高于C组（ P＜0.05）；240和270日龄,A、B组右后乳头长度显著高于C组（ P＜0.05）。3）在240日龄,A和B组血清甘油三酯（ TG）含量显著低于C组（P＜0.05）。4）在300日龄,A组血清雌二醇（E2）含量显著高于B组（P＜0.05）,极显著高于C组（P＜0.01）。综合以上,在本试验条件下,饲粮产奶净能为5.90 MJ/kg时,能维持育成牛体型和乳腺的正常发育。The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diets with different energy levels on growth performance and serum indices in Chinese Holstein heifers aged 7 to 10 months. Twenty four heifers aged （200±3） days were randomly divided into 3 dietary treatments with 8 replicates and 1 heifer per repli-cate, and heifers were fed diets with net energy for lactation （NEL） of 5.40 （group A）, 5.90 （group B） and 6.40 （group C） MJ/kg, respectively. The pre-experiment lasted for 10 days, and the experiment lasted for 90 days. At 210, 240, 270 and 300 days of age, growth performance indices including body weight, withers height, body length, heart girth, abdominal girth, hip width, nipple length and body condition scoring were determined before morning feeding, and blood samples were collected for the analysis of serum indices inclu-ding triglyceride, urea nitrogen, estrogen, estradiol, leptin, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1. The results showed as follows：1） at 210 to 300 days of age, the average daily gain of heifers in groups A, B and C was 0. 69, 0. 81, 0. 96 kg/d, respectively, and group C was significantly higher than group A （ P〈0.05） . 2） At 240 days of age, the length of left posterior nipple of heifers in group A was significantly higher than that in group C （ P〈0.05） , while at 240 and 270 days of age, the length of right posterior nipple of heif-ers in both groups A and B was significantly higher than that in group C （ P〈0.05） . 3） At 240 days of age, the content of serum triglyceride of heifers in groups A and B was significantly lower than that in group C（ P〈0.05） . 4） At 300 days of age, the content of serum estradiol of heifers in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A （ P〈0.05） and C （ P〈0.01） . In conclusion, the body figure and development of mam-mary gland of heifers can be maintained when dietary NEL is 5.90 MJ/kg under the conditions in the present study.

关 键 词：饲粮能量水平 育成牛 生长性能 血清指标 乳头发育 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]