有机物料替代部分氮肥对小麦光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Replacing Part of Nitrogen Fertilizer by Organic Materials on Photosynthetic Traits and Yield of Wheat

作　　者：马守田[1] 冯荣成 张黛静[1] 陈惠婷[1] 马守臣[3] 邵云[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]获嘉县农业技术推广中心,河南获嘉453800 [3]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院/国土资源部野外科学观测研究基地,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第2期48-51,共4页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B15;2012BAD14B08;2013BAD07B07-2);河南师范大学博士科研启动费项目(11127)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,以单施纯氮270 kg/hm2处理为对照(CK),研究不同有机物料替代部分氮肥处理(秸秆还田+纯氮减量10%(J)、秸秆还田+猪粪45 m3/hm2+纯氮减量15%(JF)、秸秆还田+沼液60 m3/hm2+纯氮减量15%(JZ))对小麦光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,总体上,各有机物料替代部分氮肥处理提高了小麦总茎数(JF处理除外);JZ、JF、J处理分别在越冬期、拔节期、抽穗期,拔节期、抽穗期,越冬期、拔节期显著提高了叶片叶绿素含量;各有机物料替代部分氮肥处理均能提高叶片Fv/Fm值,拔节期J处理效果最好,抽穗期JZ处理效果最好;各有机物料替代部分氮肥处理均能提高小麦拔节期和抽穗期的净光合速率,其中JZ处理效果最显著。各有机物料替代部分氮肥处理的穗粒数、籽粒产量均显著高于CK,JF和J处理的千粒质量显著高于CK;与CK相比,JZ、JF、J处理分别增产13.86%、10.82%、8.21%。说明,在小麦栽培中用有机物料替代部分氮肥是可行的,且在一定程度上可以提高小麦产量。A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of replacing nitrogen fertilizer by organic materials on photosynthetic traits and yield of wheat. Four treatments were chosen： control group was conventional pure nitrogen fertilizer of 270 kg / ha（ CK）,returning straw to field with 90% pure nitrogen of CK（ J）,returning straw and 45 m3/ ha manure to field with 85% pure nitrogen of CK（ JF）,returning straw and 60 m3/ ha biogas slurry to field with 85% pure nitrogen of CK（ JZ）. The results showed that on the whole,the treatments of replacing nitrogen fertilizer by organic materials improved the population of wheat than that of CK except JF treatment. The SPAD values of JZ treatment in over-wintering stage,jointing stage and heading stage,J treatment in over-wintering stage,jointing stage,JF treatment in jointing stage,heading stage were significantly greater than that of CK. Compared with CK,the three treatments of replacing nitrogen fertilizer by organic materials improved the Fv / Fm obviously,and J and JZ treatmentwere the best in jointing stage and heading stage respectively; the J,JZ,JF treatments improved the net photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves in jointing stage and heading stage,and JZ treatment had the best effect. The grains per spike and grain yield of three treatments of replacing nitrogen fertilizer by organic materials were significantly higher than those of CK. Thousand grain weight of the J and JF treatments were significantly higher than that of CK. Compared with the CK,grain yield of J,JF and JZ treatments increased by 8. 21%,10. 82% and 13. 86%,respectively. This suggested that organic fertilizer could replace nitrogen partly,and which could improve the yield of wheat to a certain extent.

关 键 词：小麦 有机物料 氮肥 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S141