戊二醛交联木质素季铵盐-尿素颗粒的制备及其缓释性能的研究  

Synthesis and Slow-release Performance of Lignin Quaternary Ammonium Salt-urea Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde

作　　者：田金玲[1] 罗华超[1] 方桂珍[1,2] 任世学[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学材料科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《林产化学与工业》2015年第1期77-82,共6页Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products

基　　金：'十二五'农村领域国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD24B0403)

摘　　要：为了探究木质素季铵盐包埋尿素的优化制备条件及其在缓释肥生产中的应用,以三甲基木质素季铵盐(L-QA)为原料,Span 80为分散剂,戊二醛为交联剂,采用反相悬浮法制备了戊二醛交联木质素季铵盐-尿素(GCL-QA-U)颗粒,通过FT-IR表征了其结构,探讨了不同条件对尿素包埋率的影响,以得到最佳制备工艺条件及产品,再利用水溶试验法和土柱试验法测定其缓释性能。结果表明:FT-IR分析表明L-QA中含有季铵根结构,初步认定尿素被包埋在L-QA中;L-QA含氮量为1.98%,GCL-QA-U含氮量为2.88%。GCL-QA-U颗粒制备最佳工艺条件在10 m L L-QA溶液中,戊二醛用量4 m L、反应时间2 h、转速200 r/min和Span 80用量1.0 m L,其最大尿素包埋率为41.61%;水溶试验(肥水比例1∶20)和土柱淋溶试验证明GCL-QA-U颗粒24 h尿素累积释放率分别为5%和3.86%,28天尿素累积释放率分别为79.47%和74.80%,符合缓释肥料GB/T 23348—2009的标准。In order to optimize the preparation conditions of lignin quaternary ammonium salt embedding urea and explore its application in the slow-release fertilizer production, lignin quaternary ammonium salt-urea（ GCL-QA-U） crosslinked by glutaraldehyde was synthesized through inverse suspension method using trimethyl lignin quaternary ammonium salt（ L-QA） as raw material,the Span 80 as dispersing agent,and glutaraldehyde as the crosslink agent. Its structure was characterized by FTIR. The effects of the conditions,i. e.,the dosage of crosslink agent,rotate speed,reaction time,and the dosage of dispersing agent,on the embedding of urea were discussed so as to obtain the best process conditions and product. Slow-release performance was then measured by water soluble and soil column leaching method. The results showed that quaternary amine group were successfully grafted. Urea was embedded in the L-QA,in which nitrogen content was 1. 98 % and nitrogen content of GCL-QAU was 2. 88 %. The best process conditions of GCL-QA-U was the dosage of glutaraldehyde 4 mL,reaction time 2 h,rotate speed 200 r / min,and the dosage of dispersing agent 1. 0 mL. And the maximal embedding rate of urea in GCL-QA-U was41. 61 %. The water soluble and soil column leaching method concluded that the urea accumulatived release amount were 5 %and 3. 86 % during 24 h,respectively. The urea accumulatived release amount were 79. 47 % and 74. 80 % during 28 day,respectively. The slow-release effect of GCL-QA-U met the standard of slow-release fertilizer（ GB-T23348—2009）.

关 键 词：三甲基木质素季铵盐 尿素 包埋 戊二醛 缓释 

分 类 号：TQ35[化学工程]