关于法治的五个追问——学习党的十八届四中全会《决定》心得  

Five Inquiries about Rule of Law:What Is to Be Learned From the Decision of the Fourth Plenum of 18th CPC Central Committee

作　　者：夏泽祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学法学院,山东济南250358

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第1期80-98,共19页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：作者主持研究的国家社科基金项目"我国宪法人权条款的效力机制研究"(12BFX031);教育部人文社科项目"美国宪法保留权利条款的实施方式对我国的启示"(12YJA820084)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：为深入学习贯彻党的十八届四中全会《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》精神,有必要弄清以下五个命题:其一,法治即依法治国,与民主、宪政、人权是密切相关的概念,内含着所有人都要守法的要求,其深层含义是依法治"官";其二,法治与人治是两种不同的治国方式,"法治优于人治"历经理论论证和实践检验,已属不刊之论;其三,实行法治,需以保障人权为依归,人权发达则国家兴旺发达,社会长治久安;其四,只有将"以德治国"的精义定位为以德治"官","依法治国"与"以德治国"才能有机地结合在一起;其五,法治的达成不仅需要立法、执法、司法、守法诸环节的良性互动,而且离不开民主政治、市场经济、权利文化、精英人物诸因素的共同作用。In order to deeply understand the decision of the fourth plenary session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee,it is necessary to probe into or restate five propositions as follows：Firstly,as a concept closely related to democracy,constitutionalism and human rights,the rule of law,namely the running a state with law,means literally all the people must abide by the law,with its essence demanding that national civil servants must play the role as a model does. Secondly,as governance,the rule of law differs fundamentally from rule of man,it is an unalterable truth that the former is superior to the latter,which has been demon-strated both in theory and tested in practice. Thirdly,the practice of rule of law must aim at the protection of human rights on which a flourishing and powerful state and a stable and peaceful society depend. Fourthly,only by orienting the rule of law towards the rule of the“officials”by virtue,can“running a state with law”and“running a state by virtue”be organically integrated together. Lastly,the implemen-tation of rule of law needs not only benign interactions among legislation,law enforcement,judicature and law-abidingness,but also the joint action of those factors as democratic politics,market economy,right-based culture and the elite.

关 键 词：法治 依法治国 以德治国 民主 人权 

分 类 号：DF02[政治法律—法学理论]