三门峡虢国墓地M2012墓玉器材质研究  

作　　者：鲍怡[1] 朱勤文[1] 辛军民 张菁华 王治国 李清丽 杨爱民 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学,湖北武汉430074 [2]三门峡虢国博物馆,河南三门峡472000

出　　处：《中原文物》2015年第1期117-121,共5页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：虢国墓地位于河南省三门峡市区上村岭,于1956年被发现,经历过20世纪50年代和90年代两次大规模发掘,共发掘墓葬250多座,出土了33000余件(套)珍贵文物。出自M2012梁姬墓的59件(组)精美玉器的是我们这次的研究对象。本文采用宝玉石学和岩石学的研究思路和无损鉴定方法,对M2012(梁姬墓)出土玉器的材质进行了详细的研究,结果表明肉眼观察颜色和受沁程度多样的59件(组)出土玉器中,56件(组)为软玉,1件为蛇纹石,M2012:95串饰含有绿松石、孔雀石和煤精,M2012:124左手腕饰含绿松石和玛瑙。大型仪器测试可以很好地鉴定出土玉器的材质,弥补了肉眼观察的局限,提高鉴定的精度和科学性。本研究丰富了三门峡虢国博物馆出土文物的研究内容,提高了出土玉器研究的科技含量,有助于出土玉器的分类命名以及文物等级的确定。In this paper, 59 archaic jade artifacts excavated from the tomb M2012 were comprehensively and systematically studied in terms of gemology and petrology. 56 pieces （sets） are made of nephrite, 1 piece is made of serpentine and the rest 2 sets are made of turquoise, malachite and jet. Nephrite was considered as true jade, while the other materials were taken as colorful stone. According to the quantity and quality of the excavated archaic jade artifacts, the tomb M2012 is classified into the first class in the tomb of the Guo state, which reflects the evident social hierarchy of the time. This paper enriches the research of the excavated archa- ic artifacts of Henan cultural relic archaeology and improves the technology of studying archaic jade artifacts, which helps with the classification, nomenclature and grading of the archaic jade artifacts.

关 键 词：出土玉器 材质 虢国墓 西周 

分 类 号：K876.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]