圆唇散白蚁补充生殖蚁的类型与建群能力  

Types and colony foundation capacity of secondary reproductives in the termite Reticulitermes labralis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

作　　者：刘明花[1] 张小晶[1] 薛薇[1] 陈娇玲[1] 刘鹤[1] 吴佳[1] 苏晓红[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2014年第11期1328-1334,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31370428);陕西省教育厅自然科学专项基金(2013JK0715);西北大学研究生创新人才培养基金(YZZ12058)

摘　　要：【目的】为了探讨圆唇散白蚁Reticulitermes labralis补充生殖蚁对巢群稳定和发展的作用。【方法】对野外巢群进行调查研究,及对婚飞成虫通过雌雄配对与补充生殖蚁隔离巢群进行人工饲养的对比研究。【结果】在野外巢群只发现1对原始蚁王蚁后,而补充生殖蚁的数量最多可达到689头/巢。圆唇散白蚁有3种类型的补充生殖蚁,即由工蚁转化来的无翅型补充生殖蚁、若蚁转化来的翅芽型补充生殖蚁和末龄若蚁羽化来的拟成虫型补充生殖蚁。实验室条件下婚飞配对群体和隔离群体建群1个月后的存活率分别为64%和96%。建巢初期婚飞配对群体的子代数目增长缓慢,2个月时的群体数量为6.3±1.54,10个月时的群体数量也仅为8.4±1.47;而隔离建群补充生殖蚁2个月时的群体数量为52.4±6.44,10个月时的群体数量为164.3±20.85,都高于婚飞配对群体。此外,野外巢群的补充蚁后跟原始蚁后一样都具有发达的卵巢。【结论】在圆唇散白蚁中补充生殖蚁是白蚁巢群主要的繁殖力量,也是建立新巢群的重要繁殖品级。[ Aim ] This study aims to explore the role of secondary reproductives in the colony stabilization and development in Reticulitermes labralis. [ Methods ] In the present study, we investigated the field termite colonies, established and compared paired female-male swarming colonies with isolated secondary reproductive colonies during the initial stage of colony foundation. [ Results ] A pair of primary king and queen and a large number of secondary reproductives were found in collected field colonies. Three types of secondary reproduetives were observed in R. labralis, i. e., apterous neotenics moulted from workers, brachypterous neotenics moulted from nymphs and adultoid reproduetives moulted from the last-instar nymphs. The survival rates of paired colonies and isolated colonies under laboratory conditions in the 1st month were 64% and 96% , respectively. The number of individuals in paired colonies increased slowly with time. The mean numbers of individuals in paired colonies in the 2nd and 10th months were 6.3 ± 1.54 and 8.4 ± 1.47, respectively, while those in isolated colonies were 52.4 ±6.44 and 164.3± 20.85, respectively. The secondary queens in field colonies had huge ovaries like the primary queens. [ Conclusion] The secondary reproductives of R. labralis were not only the main reproductive individuals in termite colonies, but also the most important reproductive caste for colonies foundation.

关 键 词：圆唇散白蚁 白蚁 补充生殖蚁 隔离群体 巢群扩散 繁殖能力 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]