现代汉语“V+到/在NP_L”结构的句法构造及相关问题  

On the syntactic structure of Chinese "V+dao(到)/zai(在) NP_L" and some related issues

作　　者：沈阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院/江苏高等学校2011语言能力协同创新中心

出　　处：《中国语文》2015年第2期105-120,191,共16页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家973项目"语言计算模型与理论"(批准号2014CB340501);国家社科基金后期资助项目"现代汉语复杂动词结构研究"(批准号10FYY006)的支持

摘　　要：本文提出现代汉语"V+到/在NP_L"结构的形式变化和语义差异是谓语层(VP)动词的"位移特征"和动词后附加语层(PP)介词(到/在)的"功能投射"相互作用的结果,即谓语动词位移特征的强弱诱发和制约了动词后介词(到/在)表"方向"或"存在"的终点投射选择。本文同时假设,汉语动词前后表"方向、存在"的处所PP并非移位形成或独立生成,而是在"同形生成"的基础上通过结构和动词选择的"互补删除"实现的,汉语处所PP位置的历时演变现象也可看作是这种操作的句法后果。本文还提出,"V+到/在NP_L"结构而非动趋式才是汉语典型的"位移一终点"结构,与其他语言的同类结构具有内在的一致性。This paper proposes that the syntactic variations and the semantic distinctions of the structure 'Y+dao(到)/ zai(在) NP_L(NP of location)' in Chinese result from the interaction between 'motion feature' of verbs at the predicate level(VP) and 'functional projection' of prepositions(dao / zai)at the adjunct level(PP).It is therefore the intensity of the 'motion feature' concerning the verb,i.e.strong or weak,that induces and constrains the projection choice of the post-verbal preposition(dao/zai) indicating either 'direction' or 'location'.This paper also assumes that in Chinese the formation of pre- or post-verbal PP indicating 'direction' or 'location' is not realized either by independent generation or by syntactic moving operation,but is achieved on the basis of ' the isomorphic generation' whereby the choice of the structure and the verb defines the operation of 'complementary deletion'.Besides,the evolution regarding the positions of PP can also be considered as a syntactic consequence of such an operation.The paper also proposes that it is 'V+dao / zai NP_L',instead of verb-directional phrases,that represents the prototypical ' motionendpoint' schema in Chinese,which bears a certain degree of similarity to other languages.

关 键 词：动词位移特征 介词投射 位移-终点结构 介词词组位置 同形生成和互补删除 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]