句末助词“吧”的分布验证与语义提取  

On the distributional verification and semantic extraction of the sentence-final particle ba(吧)

作　　者：赵春利[1] 孙丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州暨南大学文学院中文系

出　　处：《中国语文》2015年第2期121-132,191-192,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：2013年度国家社科基金一般项目“基于语义地图的句末助词多功能研究”(13BYY117);2012年度国家社科基金一般项目“汉语虚词词典编撰的方法论创新及其实践”(12BYY101);香港理工大学研究项目“Sentence-Final Particles in Chinese:A Cross-Dialect Study of their Functions and Properties”(G-U927);2013年度暨南大学研究生精品课程建设“现代汉语语法学”立项资助(51001071);2013年度暨南大学优秀本科推免生科研创新培育计划项目“汉语句末助词‘吧'的语义地图建构”(50503650)的资助

摘　　要：本文对句末助词"吧"在句子功能上的具体分布进行了细致描写和语义验证。第一,从句子功能分布角度,"吧"对陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的选择条件,提取出其分布规律上的语义同现规约及其语法意义。第二,从语法意义角度,根据"吧"在句子功能上所受到的语义同现规约,借助现象学的"意向"概念,提取出"吧"的本质语法意义"意向待定",从而勾勒出"吧"的语义分布地图,并解释认可性应答的勉强义和拒绝性应答的放任义。第三,从句末助词语法意义的验证方法和提取方法角度,可以说:无论助词的句法选择如何纷繁复杂,总有办法追踪其隐现的轨迹;无论助词的语法意义如何空灵虚幻,总有办法从其所制约的分布规律中提炼出来。Firstly,the paper reviews the previous studies on ba and brings to question their comprehensiveness of investigation,validity of verification,and systematicity of interpretation.Secondly,it explores the selective condition for ba in simple sentences to show the constraints of semantic co-occurrence in indicatives,interrogatives,imperatives and exclamatives.Thirdly,it is pointed out that ba suggests undetermined intention based on the concept of intention in phenomenology.The semantic graph of ba is outlined to explain the 'agreement-with-reluctance' response and the indifference of refusal response.Finally,it is concluded that no matter how complex the syntactic choice of ba and how 'empty' its semantic content can be,it is still possible to trace its grammatical 'meaning'.

关 键 词：句末助词 语义分布 语义同现 意向待定 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]