“理解性吸收”政策与“理性偏好”行动:当代农村社区建设实践的逻辑机理分析  

“Selective Understanding”Policy and“Rational Preference”Action:Analysis of Mechanism of The Contemporary Practice of Rural Community Construction

作　　者：葛云霞[1] 李洪强[1] 李增元[1] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学政治与公共管理学院,山东日照276826

出　　处：《甘肃行政学院学报》2014年第6期84-95,126-127,共12页Journal of Gansu Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"社会流动背景下的农村社区协同治理体系建设研究"(13CSH031);山东省软科学基金项目"山东省新型城镇化中的农村社区社会治理创新研究"(2014RKB01407)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：新世纪以来,党和国家积极开展农村社区建设,提出把城乡社区建设成"管理有序、服务完善、文明祥和的社会生活共同体",然而基于区域性经济社会差异及地方政府的综合考量,在落实这项政策时各级地方政府有不同的考虑,实践中当代农村社区建设呈现出独特的地方实践逻辑。地方政府作为"理性"经济人,既追求公共利益,也追求地方自身利益,有时这两种利益存在一定的冲突性。在具体执行政策过程中,在不碰触国家底线基础上,地方政府会结合自身利益"理解—消化—吸收—转化"国家政策,然后再产出符合地方实际的国家政策。在实践中,不同利益主体存在各自利益偏好,上级政府借助科层体制将任务"理性"分解到下级政府,基层政府会借助政府权威逐步将成本转嫁给乡村社会。最终,实践中国家政策偏离了原有的轨道。这正是当代农村社区建设的地方实践逻辑,也是转型期国家公共政策难以得到有效落实的重要原因所在。Since the new century, the Party and the state positively carry out rural community constructions, and meanwhile put forward the target of development of urban and rural communities as 'orderly management, perfect service, civilized and peaceful social life community'. However, with a comprehensive consideration of social and economic differences between regions, local governments at all levels naturally have different considerations in the implementation of the policy, therefore, the practice of community construction in contemporary rural areas showed a unique local logic.As a 'rational economic man', the local government pursues public interest as well as local interest, but sometimes the two kinds of interests are certainly to be conflict.So during the concrete implementation of the policy, local governments will find favor in themselves and carry out national policies in the process of 'understanding- digestion- absorption- transformation' without touching the bottom line of country. In practice, the different interest groups have their own interest preference, higher levels of government will rationally decompose the task to the lower levels of government with the help of the bureaucratic system. And the latter will assign the task to the basic level government. Subsequently, the grassroots government will use the authority to put the cost on to the rural society. Finally,the practice of Chinese policy deviated from the original track. This is the unique logic of practice of contemporary rural community constructions, and that is why the transition of national policy is so hard to be effectively implemented.

关 键 词：农村社区建设 地方实践逻辑 利益 理性行动 公共政策执行 

分 类 号：C912.82[经济管理]