一种减少废水中总溶解固体和铬含量的新型铬鞣工艺  

A Novel Chrome Tanning Process for Minimization of Total Dissolved Solids and Chromium in Effluents

作　　者：Victor John Sundar Chellappa Muralidharan Asit Baran Mandal 陈小珂 

机构地区：[1]中央皮革研究所科学和工业研究理事会,印度金奈600020 [2]不详

出　　处：《中国皮革》2015年第1期37-41,共5页China Leather

摘　　要：制革废水中的氯化物和铬引起了一系列环境问题。如何消除或减少废水中的氯化物和铬是全球皮革研究的活跃领域。研究开发了一种无盐鞣制工艺,以解决目前制革工业的难题。新工艺除了彻底取消氯化钠的使用,还减少了铬鞣剂的用量。铬单位消耗量(每吨生皮所消耗的铬量)的减少,为该工艺提供了巨大的经济效益,且采用新工艺还能有效减少废液中总溶解固体(TDS)含量。该工艺主要基于改变反应物活性,以保证鞣制材料的高吸收率。同时,鞣后革内铬分布均匀。化学、物理和显微分析结果表明,新工艺鞣后成革的性能可与常规鞣制工艺相媲美。该项创新工艺为商业化实施提供了一个经济、简单的技术方案,解决了一个世纪难题。Presence of chlorides and chromium in the tannery effluents are serious environmental concerns of leather making.Elimination or minimization of these is active area of global leather research.A new common salt free tanning process was developed to overcome the stated problems of industrial leather making.The new process afforded use of less chromium tanning agents apart from completely eliminating use of common salt in tanning.The reduction in specific consumption of chromium（ton of equivalent chromium per ton of pelts treated） for tanning in the prescribed method provided significant economic benefits to the new process.Substantial reduction of Total Dissolved Solids（TDS） reduction in effluents was achieved by adopting the new process.The process essentially was based on modification of the reactants activity to ensure high uptake of tanning material.The process also afforded uniform distribution of chromium in the leather.The chemical,physical and microscopical analyses indicate comparable leather properties processed by new method when assessed along with conventionally processed leathers.The innovation which has been commercially implemented provides an economical and simple solution to a century old problem.

关 键 词：氯化钠 铬 皮革加工 盐度 生皮 鞣制 

分 类 号：TS543[轻工技术与工程—皮革化学与工程]