《清明上河图》“春景说”之再论证  

“Spring” in Life along the Bian River at the Qingming Festival

作　　者：朱亮亮[1] 薛锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]常州工学院艺术与设计学院,常州213022

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2015年第1期93-102,共10页Journal of National Museum of China

摘　　要：相对于人类的大多数社会行为而言,自然界的物候特征在相当长的历史时期内具有很大的稳定性。因此,通过古代图像描绘事物的某些物候特征来对该图像的历史属性进行判断或定位,或许要比单纯依靠传世文献更加令人信服。根据对宋代气候的既有研究,《清明上河图》创作时期的汴京气温比今日开封同时期低1℃左右,基于此,我们可以对12世纪初汴京在清明时节的物候特征作出大概的推测,并与《清明上河图》所绘植物和动物的特征进行比较,由此进一步论证该图所绘是春景。本文以《清明上河图》中所绘植物为重点分析对象。一方面,在对《清明上河图》的既有研究中,植物研究是比较薄弱的;另一方面,植物的物候特征更为突出和稳定,因此更加具有代表性。Compared with mostsocial behaviours of human beings, phenological features of nature are more stable during a specif ic period of time. Therefore, itmay be more convincing to explore phenological features of objects depicted in ancientpaintings than merely relying on historical documents. Existentresearch results aboutclimate during the Song dynasty indicate thatthe daily average temperature in Bianjing was lower than in present-day Kaifeng by 1oC. This helps the researchers outline the general phenological features in 12th-century Bianjing atthe Qingming Festival. By comparing these features with flora and fauna depicted in the painting Life along the Bian River atthe Qingming Festival, itcan be further verified thatthis painting shows spring scenery. The currentpaper focuses on flora, because flora has been neglected in previous researches. More importantly, flora reflects typical and stable phenological features.

关 键 词：清明上河图 春景说 物候 动植物 

分 类 号：J205[艺术—美术]