三维外固定支架应用于骨质疏松骨折的生物力学研究  

BIOMECHANICS STUDY ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL EXTERNAL FIXATOR FOR OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURE

作　　者：刘宗超[1] 田泽高[2] 蒋燕[2] 王振龙[1] 刘勇[1] 鲁晓波[2] 

机构地区：[1]泸州医学院附属中医医院骨创伤科,四川泸州646000 [2]泸州医学院附属医院骨科

出　　处：《中国修复重建外科杂志》2015年第2期145-148,共4页Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

摘　　要：目的探讨三维外固定支架在骨质疏松骨折中的力学稳定性,为其临床应用提供生物力学依据。方法取45具新鲜成人冰冻胫骨标本,快速制备胫骨骨质疏松体外模型,并制备胫骨中段短斜形骨折模型,随机分为3组(n=15),分别采用三维外固定支架、髓内钉以及钢板螺钉固定骨折。每组各取5具标本,固定于微机控制电子万能试验机上,分别行抗轴向压缩力学测试、抗弯曲力学测试以及抗扭转力学测试。结果抗轴向压缩力学测试显示,三维外固定支架组及髓内钉组位移显著低于钢板螺钉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三维外固定支架组与髓内钉组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。抗弯曲及抗扭转力学测试显示,三维外固定支架组及髓内钉组挠度和扭角显著低于钢板螺钉组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三维外固定支架组与髓内钉组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论三维外固定支架对骨质疏松骨折行多平面立体三维固定,固定牢靠,经生物力学测试显示能够满足骨质疏松骨折固定需要。Objective To explore the mechanical stability of the three-dimensional（3-D） external fixator for osteoporotic fracture so as to provide the biomechanical basis for clinical application. Methods Forty-five fresh frozen adult tibial specimens were selected to rapidly prepare the extracorporal tibia osteoporotic fracture models, and were randomly divided into 3 groups（n=15）. Fractures were fixed with 3-D external fixators（3-D external fixators group）, intramedullary nails（intramedullary nail group）, and plate（plate group） respectively. Five specimens randomly from each group were used to do axial compression test, three-point bending test, and torsion test with microcomputer control electronic universal testing machine, then the mechanical parameters were calculated. Results In the axial compression test, the displacement of 3-D external fixator group and intramedullary nail group were shorter than plate group, showing significant differences（P〈0.05）; but no significant difference was found between 3-D external fixator group and intramedullary nail group（P〉0.05）. In the three-point bending test and torsion test, the deflection and the torsional angle of 3-D external fixator group and intramedullary nail group were smaller than plate group, showing significant differences（P〈0.05）; but no significant difference was found between 3-D external fixator group and intramedullary nail group（P〉0.05）. Conclusion The 3-D external fixator can fix fracture three-dimensionally from multiple plane and it can offer strong fixing. It is biomechanically demonstrated to be suitable for osteoporotic fracture.

关 键 词：三维外固定支架 骨质疏松骨折 生物力学 

分 类 号：R687.3[医药卫生—骨科学]