硝酸异辛酯储运过程中稳定性研究  

Stability Study of EHN during the Storage and Transportation

作　　者：霍明甲[1] 黄飞[1] 王犇[2] 张大伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化安全工程研究院,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《安全、健康和环境》2015年第2期38-42,共5页Safety Health & Environment

摘　　要：为研究硝酸异辛酯在储存及运输过程中的危险特性,有效预防和减少事故的发生,按照危险货物分类测试程序,通过隔板、克南、时间压力、撞击、摩擦等试验对硝酸异辛酯的固有危险性进行了评价;利用热分析技术考察了不同温升速率、水及酸雨等条件对硝酸异辛酯的热分解特性的影响。结果表明:硝酸异辛酯在相对封闭空间内遇热量、火焰、爆炸冲击及外部的机械刺激条件下表现出轻微的燃爆危险性,但不足以将其按照爆炸品进行管理;随着温升速率的增加,硝酸异辛酯热分解起始放热温度也逐渐增大,而水和酸雨均对硝酸异辛酯的分解具有促进作用,与纯硝酸异辛酯相比,其反应起始放热温度分别降低了12.4℃和27.2℃,放热量分别增大了387.439 J/g和568.076 J/g,失控分解危险性大大增加。To study the hazardous characteristics of EHN during the storage and transportation, prevent and reduce the accidents efficiently, the inherent dangerousness of EHN is evaluated through clapboard,Kernan, time pressure, collision and friction and other tests according to the classification testing procedure of the dangerous articles. The influences of different temperature rise rate, water and acid water on the thermal decomposition characteristic of EHN is investigated through thermal analysis technique. The result indicates that EHN manifests slight explosive characteristic in case of heat, flame, explosive shock in relative close space under the condition of external mechanical stimulation, but it is rare enough to be managed according to the explosive materials. Along with the rise in temperature, exothermic temperature of EHN thermal decomposition is also gradually increased. However, water and acid rain has facilitating role in promoting the decomposition of EHN. Compared to pure EHN, its exothermic temperature is reduced by 12.4℃ and 27.2℃ respectively and the quantity of released heat is increased by 387.439 J/g and 568.076 J/g. Thus, the decomposition dangerousness is greatly increased.

关 键 词：硝酸异辛酯 热分析 微量热仪 热分解 运输 爆炸 燃烧 

分 类 号：TE624.81[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程] TQ086[化学工程]