陕西省神木县2012年土地利用结构特征分析  

Characteristics of land use structure in Shenmu County,Shaanxi Province in 2012

作　　者：陈利利[1] 张建军[2,3] 张亭亭[1] 郭敏杰[2,3] 木热提江.阿不拉 蔺鹏飞[2,3] 于艺鹏 张晓萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2015年第1期59-67,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新项目"晋陕蒙能源基地受损生态系统恢复重建关键技术与示范"(KZCX2-XB3-13);中国科学院重点部署项目"近百年黄土高原侵蚀环境与水沙变化"(KZZD-EW-04-03-03);国家自然科学基金"典型流域水沙动态过程及对退耕还林(草)响应机理"(41101265);国家自然科学基金重点项目"气候变化背景下黄土高原土地利用影响径流的空间尺度效应"(41230852)

摘　　要：以位于晋陕蒙接壤区的陕西省神木县为例,选取相关定量指标,对其2012年土地利用结构特征进行分析,结果表明:1)神木县和各乡镇土地利用均以中低覆盖度草地为主,景观基质为草地。2)神木县土地利用类型齐全度低,集中化程度高,组合类型少,土地利用程度低;西北部风沙草滩区乡镇较东南部丘陵沟壑区乡镇土地利用类型齐全度高,集约化水平低,土地整体功能强,组合类型数多;乡镇间不同土地利用类型的区位意义与该乡镇的矿藏开发、风景名胜区、地形地貌和植被区系等有很大关系。3)神木县土地利用类型的空间结构表现出农地、居民地和工矿用地等受人类活动影响越强烈的地类,其分维数越小、形状指数越大、形状越简单的特征。因此,神木县未来土地利用需要增加有效植被盖度,进一步使陡坡农地退耕,加强未利用地的开发以及工矿用地复垦,改善县域生态环境,从而保证土地利用可持续发展。Taking Shenmu County in Shaanxi Province as an example,we analyzed the characteristics of its land use structure in 2012 based on related quantitative indices. The results indicated that： 1）Moderate and low-cover grassland was the main land use type for the county,and for each of its towns the landscape matrix was grassland. 2） The diversity index of land use was relative low,concentration index was high,combination types were few and the land use degree was low. Compared with southeastern towns where hilly and gully area dominates,the northwestern towns which are characterized by sandy wind and grass shoal had higher diversity index of land use,lower level of intensive land utilization,better overall land function and more combination types. The significance of location of each land use type of the towns had a great relationship with exploitation of mineral resources,scenery area,topography and terrain,and vegetation flora. 3） The characteristics of spatial structure of land use of Shenmu County show that,for the agricultural land,residential areas and industrial land which were more intensively impacted by human activities,the smaller the fractal dimension,the larger the shape index,and the simpler the shapes. The results of our study show that the land use of Shenmu needs to increase the effective vegetation cover,further perform the ＂grain for green＂project,strengthen the exploitation of unutilized land and the reclamation of mining land,and improve the ecological environment system for ensuring the sustainable development of land use.

关 键 词：土地利用 数量结构 空间结构 神木县 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]