生产建设项目表土保护与利用  

Topsoil protection and utilization in production and construction projects

作　　者：张振超[1] 张琳琳[1,2] 王冬梅[1] 马斌 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]沃德兰特(北京)生态环境技术研究院,北京100080 [3]宁夏水利厅水土保持局,银川750001

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2015年第1期127-132,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区水利厅水利科技项目"宁夏生产建设项目水土流失防治技术研究"

摘　　要：表土富含有机质、土壤酶和微生物等物质,具有较好的营养和环境条件来供应和协调植物生长;然而,随着经济的快速发展,各类生产建设项目扰动地表,导致大量表土被占压和流失,威胁生态安全和粮食安全。《中华人民共和国水土保持法》《开发建设项目水土保持技术规范》等法律、规范对生产建设项目表土保护与利用做了明确规定,生产建设活动应尽量减少地表扰动,对无法避免扰动的地区应进行表土剥离;但是,目前生产建设项目表土保护与利用存在建设单位保护意识不强、法律不健全、技术不完善等问题,相关政府部门应尽快确立有效的表土剥离补偿机制,将表土剥离作为水土保持方案的审查要点,同时加强表土剥离工艺等技术的研究。通过综述国内外现有的表土保护和利用成熟经验及科学方法,旨在为以后生产建设项目减少扰动、合理利用表土提供借鉴。Topsoil is rich in organic matters,soil enzymes,microorganisms and other substances,and provides nutritions and good environment to supply for and coordinate plant growth. However,with the rapid development of economy,various production and construction projects bring about disturbance to surface soil,resulting in occupation and erosion of a large area of topsoil,which has threatened the ecological and food security. A number of laws and norms such as the new Soil and Water Conservation Law and Soil and Water Conservation Technical Specification of Development and Construction Projects have made specific provision for topsoil protection and utilization in production and construction projects. The disturbance to surface soil should be minimized in production and construction activities,and the topsoil should be stripped in the unavoidable disturbing areas. However, until now, problems of topsoil protection and utilization still exist in the production and construction projects, such as weak consciousness of protection of construction clients, the unsound law and imperfect technology.Accordingly,relevant government departments should establish effective compensation mechanism for topsoil stripping as soon as possible,set the topsoil stripping as the main concern in reviewing soil and water conservation programs,and meanwhile,strengthen the research of topsoil stripping technology.This review summarizes the current studies on topsoil protection and utilization measurements in Chinaand abroad,aiming at providing scientific methods for reducing disturbance to surface soil and rationally utilizing topsoil in production and construction projects in the future.

关 键 词：生产建设项目 表土 保护 利用 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]