2005～2011年恩施州5岁以下儿童死亡原因分析  

Analysis on death causes of children under five years old in Enshi prefecture

作　　者：邓仕清 吕军[2] 叶年升 白燕[2] 苏宏灿 张长丽[2] 王永翠 吴丹[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省恩施州妇幼保健计划生育服务中心,445000 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2015年第7期1093-1096,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：教育部博士点基金〔20120071110054〕;上海曙光计划项目〔08SG08〕;国家卫生和计划生育委员会科研基金项目

摘　　要：目的：了解恩施州5岁以下儿童主要死亡原因变化情况。方法：对2005-2011年恩施州8个县（市）5岁以下儿童4 658例死亡资料进行分析。结果：2005-2011年恩施州5岁以下儿童死亡率呈现逐年下降趋势。前五位死因依次为肺炎、早产和低出生体重、出生窒息、意外窒息、先天性心脏病。未治疗比例呈下降趋势,由2005年的43.1%下降到2011年的18.3%,住院治疗和门诊治疗所占比例分别由41.0%和15.9%增至64.0%和17.7%。因经济困难、交通不便来不及送医院家长认为病情不严重、风俗习惯及其他原因而导致死亡的分别占2.7%、3.1%、69.1%、14.5%、1.9%和8.7%。结论：加强母亲健康教育,提高产儿科质量,强化婴儿家庭安全教育,提高儿童家长医疗服务利用能力,是降低恩施州5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键措施。Objective： To understand the change of main death causes among children under five years old in Enshi prefecture. Methods： Death data of 4 658 children under five years old in Enshi prefecture from 2005 to 2011 were analyzed. Results： From 2005 to 2011, the mortality rate of children under five years old in Enshi prefecture decreased year by year. The top five causes of death were pneu- monia, premature birth and low birth weight, birth asphyxia, accidental asphyxia and congenital heart disease. The percentage of children not receiving treatment decreased from 43. 1% in 2005 to 18. 3% in 2011, the percentages of children receiving inpatient treatment and out- patient increased from 41.0% and 15.9% in 2005 to 64. 0% and 17. 7% in 2011, respectively. The death of children were induced by eco- nomic difficulty, traffic inconvenience, not realizing severity of thedisease, customs and other causes, accounting for 2. 7% , 3.1% , 69. 1%, 14. 5%, 1.9% and 8.7%, respectively. Conclusion： The key measures to decrease the mortality rate of children under five years old in Enshi prefecture include enhancing maternal health education, improving the quality of obstetrical department and pediatric department, strengthening family safety education and improving the ability of parents to utilize child medical service.

关 键 词：儿童死亡率 死亡原因 顺位 变化趋势 

分 类 号：R172[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]