不同施肥方式下稻田氮磷流失特征  

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Paddy Field with Different Fertilizer Application

作　　者：张翼[1] 岳玉波[2] 赵峥[2] 付玉豪 徐英鹏[1] 曹林奎[2] 卢振兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》2015年第1期1-7,共7页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B03);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20100204)

摘　　要：采用大田小区试验,研究3种不同施肥方式下稻田系统氮(N)、磷(P)流失特征。实验结果表明,施用尿素和缓释肥的混施处理(MT)田面水中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)平均浓度均为最高,分别为24.01和3.78mg/L,降雨产生径流时的N、P流失风险最大。整个水稻季,MT处理的N、P径流流失负荷分别为23.91和2.67kg/hm2,均为3种施肥处理中最高;MT处理的N、P渗漏流失负荷也为最高,分别为9.19和1.79kg/hm2。相对于MT处理,施用尿素和BB肥的无机处理(CT)及施用有机肥的有机处理(OT)能分别减少14.69%和29.18%的N总流失负荷及61.85%和68.97%的P总流失负荷。N、P的径流流失是稻田N、P流失的主要途径。A field plot experiment was conducted to investigate nitrogen（N）and phosphorus（P）losses with different fertilizer treatments in rice field.The results indicated that the mixed treatments（MT）,applied with urea and slow-release fertilizer,had the highest average concentration of total nitrogen（TN）and total phosphorus（TP）in surface water,which were 24.01mg/L and 3.78mg/L,respectively.For the rice season,MT caused the highest N and P loss,they were 23.91 and 1.79kg/hm^2,respectively.The leakage loss load of N and P treated with MT was 9.19 and 1.79kg/hm^2,respectively,which was also the highest in the three treatmentsCompared with MT treatment,the chemical treatments（CT）and organic treatments（OT）reduced N losses by 14.69% and 29.18%,P losses by 61.85% and 68.97%,respectively.The results demonstrated that the application of urea and organic manure has great potential effects on N and P loss reduction.Most of the N and P in paddy fields lost with surface runoff rather than subsurface leaching.

关 键 词：稻田 施肥 径流 渗漏 氮磷流失 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]